{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:16:31Z","timestamp":1792120591433,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]],"date-time":"2017-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), that is Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis, affects about 1.5 million persons in the USA and 2.2 million in Europe. The pathophysiology of IBD involves immunological, genetic and environmental factors. The treatment is medico\u2010surgical but suspensive. Anti\u2010TNF\u03b1 agents have revolutionized the treatment of IBD but have side effects. In addition, a non\u2010negligible percentage of patients with IBD stop or take episodically their treatment. Consequently, a nondrug therapy targeting TNF\u03b1 through a physiological pathway, devoid of major side effects and with a good cost\u2010effectiveness ratio, would be of interest. The vagus nerve has dual anti\u2010inflammatory properties through its afferent (i.e. hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis) and efferent (i.e. the anti\u2010TNF\u03b1 effect of the cholinergic anti\u2010inflammatory pathway) fibres. We have shown that there is an inverse relationship between vagal tone and plasma TNF\u03b1 level in patients with CD, and have reported, for the first time, that chronic vagus nerve stimulation has anti\u2010inflammatory properties in a rat model of colitis and in a pilot study performed in seven patients with moderate CD. Two of these patients failed to improve after 3 months of vagus nerve stimulation but five were in deep remission (clinical, biological and endoscopic) at 6 months of follow\u2010up and vagal tone was restored. No major side effects were observed. Thus, vagus nerve stimulation provides a new therapeutic option in the treatment of CD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]],"date-time":"2017-04-18T22:37:11Z","timestamp":1492555031000},"page":"46-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":202,"title":["Vagus nerve stimulation: a new promising therapeutic tool in inflammatory bowel disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"282","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1858-8941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Bonaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology University Hospital Grenoble France"},{"name":"University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences (GIN) Inserm (U1216) Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Sinniger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology University Hospital Grenoble France"},{"name":"University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences (GIN) Inserm (U1216) Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Pellissier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology University Hospital Grenoble France"},{"name":"Laboratoire Inter\u2010Universitaire de Psychologie, Personnalit\u00e9 Cognition et Changement Social (LIP\/PC2S) University Savoie Mont\u2010Blanc Chamb\u00e9ry France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i30.4807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529108996495"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105328"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2014.858695"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2014.881715"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2007.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90419-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","volume-title":"Atlas of Human Anatomy","author":"Netter FH","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Anatomie M\u00e9dico\u2010Chirurgicale du Syst\u00e8me Nerveux V\u00e9g\u00e9tatif: (sympathique & parasympathique)","author":"Delmas J","year":"1933"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1991.260.1.R200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0185(20010101)262:1<79::AID-AR1013>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.04.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902830207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-06-01985.1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1992.tb02935.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(83)90129-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1838(99)00097-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990927)412:3<410::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3775363"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01929-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901690206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901660103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a073628"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(97)00020-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)11105-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35013070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03402177"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01339"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1229"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2013.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087785"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092130111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-304676"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-1591(89)90029-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803237105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1209985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2012.01138.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.061531"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(93)90046-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19960901)35:1<80::AID-JEMT7>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003152"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23376"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109272"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2013.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","first-page":"263","article-title":"The role of spleen in vagus nerve stimulation for treatment against septic shock in rats","volume":"23","author":"Xue N","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI83658"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067086"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(97)00085-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085559"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","first-page":"R609","article-title":"Peripheral endotoxin increases splenic sympathetic nerve activity via central prostaglandin synthesis","volume":"273","author":"MacNeil BJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00259.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90063-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90098-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2007.02011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-0702(03)00023-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(05)80230-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01958920"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00098.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53491-0.00031-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.3.452"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1938.1.5.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1990.tb05848.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.103014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.09700.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","first-page":"627","article-title":"Effect of afferent vagal stimulation on the electroencephalogram of the cat in cerebral isolation","volume":"28","author":"Zanchetti A","year":"1952","journal-title":"Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","first-page":"CD002896","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation for partial seizures","volume":"3","author":"Panebianco M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(95)00035-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(03)00074-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.8.1731"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1990.tb05847.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1968.215.3.560"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200109000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011714"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00156.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00097.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90904.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(02)00013-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2010.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2002.129643"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069424"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12792"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1605635113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.1089"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/627023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12398"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1393.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151882"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000239686"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12449"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6131.183712"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-016-9340-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2015.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20042397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318188752c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00333.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271539"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12817"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2015.1127369"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12476"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2009.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-015-2435-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S9425"}],"container-title":["Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoim.12611","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joim.12611","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joim.12611","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joim.12611","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T23:39:01Z","timestamp":1694302741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joim.12611"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joim.12611"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.12611","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6820","1365-2796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6820","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]]}}}