{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:29:08Z","timestamp":1790357348729,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Danish Council of Independent Research","award":["4004-00234B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4004-00234B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The diuretic hydrochlorothiazide is amongst the most frequently prescribed drugs in the United States and Western Europe, but there is suggestive evidence that hydrochlorothiazide use increases the risk of lip cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the association between use of hydrochlorothiazide and squamous cell carcinoma of the lip.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a case\u2013control study using Danish nationwide registry data. From the Cancer Registry (2004\u20132012), we identified 633 case patients with squamous cell carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>) of the lip and matched them to 63\u00a0067 population controls using a risk\u2010set sampling strategy. Hydrochlorothiazide use (1995\u20132012) was obtained from the Prescription Registry and defined according to cumulative use. Applying conditional logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>s) for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content> lip cancer associated with hydrochlorothiazide use, adjusting for predefined potential confounders obtained from demographic, prescription and patient registries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ever\u2010use of hydrochlorothiazide was associated with an adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content> lip cancer of 2.1 (95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 1.7\u20132.6), increasing to 3.9 (95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 3.0\u20134.9) for high use (\u226525\u00a0000\u00a0mg). There was a clear dose\u2013response effect (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), with the highest cumulative dose category of hydrochlorothiazide (\u2265100\u00a0000\u00a0mg) presenting an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> of 7.7 (95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 5.7\u201310.5). No association with lip cancer was seen with use of other diuretics or nondiuretic antihypertensives. Assuming causality, we estimated that 11% of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content> lip cancer cases could be attributed to hydrochlorothiazide use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hydrochlorothiazide use is strongly associated with an increased risk of lip cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]],"date-time":"2017-05-08T07:55:42Z","timestamp":1494230142000},"page":"322-331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Hydrochlorothiazide use is strongly associated with risk of lip cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"282","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9314-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Potteg\u00e5rd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Olesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. T.","family":"Svendsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. A.","family":"Habel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. D.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Friis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Cancer Society Danish Cancer Society Research Center Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.2.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.096156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-009-9375-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.2754"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Some Drugs and Herbal Products. 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