{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T02:13:20Z","timestamp":1782180800491,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["262700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is limited evidence linking type 2 diabetes (T2D) to influenza\u2010related complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test a set of research questions relating to pandemic influenza vaccination, hospitalization and mortality in people with and without T2D.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this population\u2010based cohort study, we linked individual\u2010level data from several national registers for all Norwegian residents aged 30\u00a0years or more as of January 2009. People with or without T2D at baseline (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02\u00a0992\u00a0228) were followed until December 2013. We used Cox regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pandemic influenza hospitalization was more common in individuals with T2D (aHR\u00a0=\u00a02.46, 95% CI 2.04\u20132.98). The mortality hazard ratio associated with hospitalization for pandemic influenza was lower in people with T2D (aHR\u00a0=\u00a01.82, 95% CI 1.21\u20132.74) than in those without T2D (aHR\u00a0=\u00a03.89, 95% CI 3.27\u20134.62). The same pattern was observed when restricting to 90\u2010day mortality (aHR\u00a0=\u00a03.89, 95% CI 1.25\u201312.06 amongst those with T2D and aHR\u00a0=\u00a010.79, 95% CI 7.23\u201316.10 amongst those without T2D). The rate of hospitalization for pandemic influenza was 78% lower in those vaccinated compared to nonvaccinated amongst people with T2D (aHR\u00a0=\u00a00.22, 95% CI 0.11\u20130.39), whilst the corresponding estimate for those without T2D was 59% lower (aHR\u00a0=\u00a00.41, 95% CI 0.33\u20130.52). Mortality was 25% lower in those vaccinated compared to nonvaccinated amongst people with T2D (aHR\u00a0=\u00a00.75, 95% CI 0.73\u20130.77), whilst the corresponding estimate for those without T2D was 9% (aHR\u00a0=\u00a00.91, 95% CI 0.90\u20130.92).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There may have been a lower threshold for pandemic influenza hospitalization for people with T2D, rather than more severe influenza infection. Our combined results support the importance of influenza vaccination amongst people with T2D, especially during pandemics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]],"date-time":"2019-10-06T09:22:05Z","timestamp":1570353725000},"page":"78-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Higher frequency of hospitalization but lower relative mortality for pandemic influenza in people with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"287","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3404-2060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. L. D.","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. J.","family":"Bakken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Fertility and Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. E.","family":"H\u00e5berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Fertility and Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. H.","family":"Hauge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Influenza Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. I.","family":"Birkeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Transplantation Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. L.","family":"Gulseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. C.","family":"Stene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00618-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30058-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2016-000336"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118924853.ch55"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.07.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f5061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2012.00419.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1008862"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.04.20064-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4681-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.16.30208"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0470-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4662-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.10.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1213829"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-203109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-2215"}],"container-title":["Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoim.12984","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joim.12984","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joim.12984","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joim.12984","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T18:52:40Z","timestamp":1694199160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joim.12984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joim.12984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.12984","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6820","1365-2796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6820","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-10-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}