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This is a process that may be driven by a metabolic switch from overactive oxidative phosphorylation to accelerated aerobic glycolysis and a reset of the immune system. BCG is a live, attenuated strain of <jats:italic>Mycobacteria bovis<\/jats:italic>, a cousin of <jats:italic>M.\u00a0tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>. Humans and <jats:italic>Mycobacteria<\/jats:italic>, which are found in the environment and in warm\u2010blooded hosts, share a long coevolutionary history. In recent times, humans have had fewer exposures to these and other microorganisms that historically helped shape the immune response. By \u2018re\u2010introducing\u2019 an attenuated form of <jats:italic>Mycobacteria<\/jats:italic> via BCG vaccination, humans might benefit from an immunological perspective, a concept supported by a growing body of data in autoimmunity and robust data on the nonspecific immune effects of BCG related to protection from diverse infections and early mortality. New findings of immune and metabolic defects in type 1 diabetes that can be corrected with repeat BCG vaccination suggest that this therapeutic strategy may be applicable in other diseases with inadequate aerobic glycolysis, including Parkinson\u2019s disease, dementia, depression and other disorders affecting the nervous system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T13:14:45Z","timestamp":1582895685000},"page":"641-650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Benefits of BCG\u2010induced metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in autoimmune and nervous system diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"288","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0871-4812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. 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