{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:07:41Z","timestamp":1792030061142,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate prevalence and recovery of olfactory dysfunction (OD) in COVID\u201019 patients according to the disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 22 March to 3 June 2020, 2581 COVID\u201019 patients were identified from 18 European hospitals. Epidemiological and clinical data were extracted at baseline and within the 2\u2010month post\u2010infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of OD was significantly higher in mild form (85.9%) compared with moderate\u2010to\u2010critical forms (4.5\u20136.9%;\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a00.001). Of the 1916 patients with OD, 1363 completed the evaluations (71.1%). A total of 328 patients (24.1%) did not subjectively recover olfaction 60\u00a0days after the onset of the dysfunction. The mean duration of self\u2010reported OD was 21.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.9\u00a0days. Objective olfactory evaluations identified hyposmia\/anosmia in 54.7% and 36.6% of mild and moderate\u2010to\u2010critical forms, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001). At 60\u00a0days and 6\u00a0months, 15.3% and 4.7% of anosmic\/hyposmic patients did not objectively recover olfaction, respectively. The higher baseline severity of objective olfactory evaluations was strongly predictive of persistent OD (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OD is more prevalent in mild COVID\u201019 forms than in moderate\u2010to\u2010critical forms. OD disappeared in 95% of patients regarding objective olfactory evaluations at 6\u00a0months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T22:44:25Z","timestamp":1609973065000},"page":"451-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":200,"title":["Prevalence and 6\u2010month recovery of olfactory dysfunction: a multicentre study of 1363 COVID\u201019 patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"290","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0845-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. R.","family":"Lechien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the COVID\u201019 Task Force of the Young\u2010Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto\u2010rhino\u2010laryngological Societies (YO\u2010IFOS) Marseille France"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology Faculty of Medicine UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology University of Mons (UMons) Mons Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery Foch Hospital School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin\u2010en\u2010Yvelines (Paris Saclay University) Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery CHU de Bruxelles CHU Saint\u2010Pierre, School of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"Chiesa\u2010Estomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the COVID\u201019 Task Force of the Young\u2010Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto\u2010rhino\u2010laryngological Societies (YO\u2010IFOS) Marseille France"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery Hospital Universitario Donostia San Sebastian Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Beckers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery Clinique de l\u2019Europe Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Mustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery Clinique de l\u2019Europe Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ducarme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery EpiCURA Hospital Hornu Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Journe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology Faculty of Medicine UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology University of Mons (UMons) Mons Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Marchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Immunology Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Jouffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayesia Chang\u00e9 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"Barillari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the COVID\u201019 Task Force of the Young\u2010Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto\u2010rhino\u2010laryngological Societies (YO\u2010IFOS) Marseille France"},{"name":"Division of Phoniatrics and Audiology Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine University of Naples SUN Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Cammaroto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the COVID\u201019 Task Force of the Young\u2010Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto\u2010rhino\u2010laryngological Societies (YO\u2010IFOS) Marseille France"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Forli Hospital Forli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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