{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:17:07Z","timestamp":1778217427881,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infections are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE patients have a higher risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection due to impaired immune defence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with SLE and concomitant TB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records of SLE patients with TB who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital in 1983\u20132019 were retrospectively reviewed. Age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched SLE inpatients without TB were randomly selected as controls. Clinical and laboratory features and treatment were analysed and compared, and subjects were followed up to assess their outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 10\u00a0469 SLE inpatients, 249 (2.4%) were diagnosed with TB. Compared with controls, SLE\/TB\u00a0+\u00a0patients exhibited higher frequency of prior haematologic, mucocutaneous and musculoskeletal system involvement, and prior treatment with potent glucocorticoid\/immunosuppressive agents (GC\/ISA). Arthritis and alopecia, positive T\u2010SPOT.TB test and lymphocytopenia were more common in SLE\/TB\u00a0+\u00a0patients. SLE\/TB\u00a0+\u00a0patients with lupus before TB (SLE\u00a0\u2192\u00a0TB) had higher risk of miliary TB (22.8%) and intracranial TB (16.5%) than SLE\/TB\u00a0+\u00a0patients with lupus after TB (TB\u00a0\u2192\u00a0SLE). SLE\/TB\u00a0+\u00a0patients exhibited shorter long\u2010term survival than SLE\/TB\u2010 patients; those with poorer in\u2010hospital outcomes had more severe lymphocytopenia and had received less treatment with ISAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus patients treated vigorously with GC\/ISA should be alerted of increased risk of TB infection, especially miliary and intracranial TB. Positive T\u2010SPOT.TB and lymphocytopenia served as discriminatory variables between SLE\/TB\u00a0+\u00a0and SLE\/TB\u2010 patients. Lymphocytopenia was associated with poorer outcomes in SLE\/TB\u00a0+\u00a0patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T23:42:27Z","timestamp":1606866147000},"page":"101-115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Tuberculosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus\u2013a 37\u2010year longitudinal survey\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"X.","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Peking Union Medical College National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Difficult, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 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