{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T22:27:52Z","timestamp":1762900072374,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,13]],"date-time":"2021-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiological and pathological studies in severe COVID\u201019 pneumonia (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) have demonstrated extensive pulmonary immunovascular thrombosis and infarction. This study investigated whether these focal changes may present with chest pain mimicking pulmonary emoblism (PE) in ambulant patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>CTPAs from outpatients presenting with chest pain to Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust 1st March to 31 May 2020 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0146) and 2019 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a085) were compared. Regions of focal ground glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and\/or atelectasis (parenchymal changes) were determined, and all scans were scored using British Society for Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) criteria for COVID\u201019, and the 2020 cohort was offered SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibody testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baseline demographic and clinical data were similar between groups with absence of fever, normal lymphocytes and marginally elevated CRP and D\u2010Dimer values. Evidence of COVID\u201019 or parenchymal changes was observed in 32.9% (48\/146) of cases in 2020 compared to 16.5% (14\/85) in 2019 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007). 11\/146 (7.5%) patients met BSTI criteria for COVID\u201019 in 2020 compared with 0\/14 in 2019 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008). 3\/39 patients tested had detectable COVID\u201019 antibodies (2 with parenchymal changes and 1 with normal parenchyma) however 0\/6 patients whose CTPA met BSTI criteria \u201clikely\/suspicious for COVID\u201019\u201d and attended antibody testing were SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibody positive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>32.8% ambulatory patients with suspected PE in 2020 had parenchymal changes with 7.5% diagnosed as COVID\u201019 infection by imaging criteria, despite the absence of other COVID\u201019 symptoms. These findings suggest that localized COVID\u201019 pneumonitis with immunothrombosis occurs distal to the bronchiolar arteriolar circulation, causing pleural irritation and chest pain without viraemia, accounting for the lack of fever and systemic symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T07:00:51Z","timestamp":1612940451000},"page":"349-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Chest pain mimicking pulmonary embolism may be a common presentation of COVID\u201019 in ambulant patients without other typical features of infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"290","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7465-2621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. 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L.","family":"Klassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM) University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6797-4633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Bridgewood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM) University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4243-032X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Scarsbrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Leeds Teaching Hospitals Leeds UK"},{"name":"Leeds Institute of Medical Research University of Leeds Leeds 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