{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:53:56Z","timestamp":1791388436882,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are both caused by atherosclerosis. Serum lipids and lipoproteins are predictive of the development of atherosclerosis but it is not clear if they differ in the two manifestations, PAD and CAD. We tested whether a more detailed characterization of the lipid and lipoprotein patterns of PAD and CAD allows a clear differentiation between the two atherosclerotic phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cohort of 274 statin\u2010na\u00efve patients with either newly diagnosed imaging proven PAD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 89) or stable CAD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 185) was characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance\u2010 and liquid chromatography\u2010tandem mass spectrometry\u2010based advanced lipid and lipoprotein analysis. An independent cohort of 1239 patients with PAD and CAD was used for validation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found a significant difference in markers of inflammation as well as ceramide and phosphatidylcholine levels between patients with PAD and CAD. In contrast, basic lipid markers including total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a) or detailed lipoprotein profiles did not differ significantly between patients with PAD and CAD. Applying ratios and scores derived from ceramides and phosphatidylcholines further improved the discrimination between PAD and CAD. These significant differences were independent of body composition, from the status of smoking or type 2 diabetes mellitus, and also from apolipoprotein C\u2010III and other inflammatory parameters which were different between CAD and PAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study clearly suggests that PAD and CAD differ in terms of their ceramide\u2010 and phosphatidylcholine\u2010based lipid patterns but not in lipoprotein characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T06:39:28Z","timestamp":1627886368000},"page":"1249-1263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Lipid profiles of patients with manifest coronary versus peripheral atherosclerosis \u2013 Is there a difference?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"290","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3776-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Leiherer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT)  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein  Triesen Liechtenstein"},{"name":"Medical Central Laboratories  Feldkirch Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"M\u00fcndlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT)  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein  Triesen Liechtenstein"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva Maria","family":"Brandtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT)  Feldkirch Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph H.","family":"S\u00e4ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT)  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Department of Medicine I Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein  Triesen Liechtenstein"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Ramadani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center University Hospital of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Vonbank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT)  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Department of Medicine I Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein  Triesen Liechtenstein"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Mader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT)  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Department of Medicine I Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein  Triesen Liechtenstein"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rn F.","family":"Dopheide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT)  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center University Hospital of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Jylh\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zora Biosciences  Espoo Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitja","family":"L\u00e4\u00e4peri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zora Biosciences  Espoo Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reijo","family":"Laaksonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zora Biosciences  Espoo Finland"},{"name":"Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center University of Tampere  Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winfried","family":"M\u00e4rz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine V, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"},{"name":"Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"},{"name":"Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Fraunberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein  Triesen Liechtenstein"},{"name":"Medical Central Laboratories  Feldkirch Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Kleber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine V, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Drexel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT)  Feldkirch Austria"},{"name":"Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center University Hospital of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein  Triesen Liechtenstein"},{"name":"Drexel University College of Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Academic Teaching Hospital Bregenz  Bregenz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2016.263798"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202063260605"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358836X9800300311"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164114560342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.41731"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.5.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09457-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.11.1197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.3026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.11.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174526"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"American Heart Association (AHA).About peripheral artery disease (PAD).2016. Available from:https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/health-topics\/peripheral-artery-disease\/about-peripheral-artery-disease-pad"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M009449"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005873"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14622416.2.1.S1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.5.2230"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00126-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz387","article-title":"Development and validation of a ceramide\u2010 and phospholipid\u2010based cardiovascular risk estimation score for coronary artery disease patients","volume":"41","author":"Hilvo M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-12-200412210-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression\u2010based approach","author":"Hayes AF","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(90)90005-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.11.1317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-019-1129-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.08.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169-018-0182-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2018.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12728"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0244"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107734"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2330"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.121326"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.C088377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2018.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e32833b7756"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0548-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00474"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12521"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.E607"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M900346-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.056986"}],"container-title":["Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joim.13368","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joim.13368","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joim.13368","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T04:36:22Z","timestamp":1693197382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joim.13368"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joim.13368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.13368","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6820","1365-2796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6820","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}