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CVD is a major mortality risk for patients with chronic inflammatory liver diseases. However, the impact of liver damage for ApoB100\u2010specific T\u2010cell responses is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified ApoB100\u2010specific T\u00a0cells in blood from healthy controls, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, and CVD patients by activation\u2010induced marker expression and analyzed their differentiation pattern in correlation to the lipid profile and liver damage parameters in a cross\u2010sectional study. To assess the induction of extrahepatic ApoB100\u2010specific T\u00a0cells upon transient liver damage in vivo, we performed hydrodynamic tail vein injections with diphtheria toxin A (DTA)\u2010encoding plasmid in human ApoB100\u2010transgenic mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Utilizing immunodominant ApoB100\u2010derived peptides, we found increased ApoB100\u2010specific T\u2010cell populations in NAFLD and CVD patients compared to healthy controls. In a peptide\u2010specific manner, ApoB100 reactivity in healthy controls was accompanied by expression of the regulatory T (Treg)\u2010cell transcription factor FOXP3. In contrast, FOXP3 expression decreased, whereas expression of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)\u201017A increased in ApoB100\u2010specific T\u00a0cells from NAFLD and CVD patients. Dyslipidemia and liver damage parameters in blood correlated with reduced FOXP3 expression and elevated IL\u201017A production in ApoB100\u2010specific T\u2010cell populations, respectively. Moreover, DTA\u2010mediated transient liver damage in human ApoB100\u2010transgenic mice accumulated IL\u201017a\u2010expressing ApoB100\u2010specific T\u00a0cells in the periphery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results show that liver damage promotes pro\u2010inflammatory ApoB100\u2010specific T\u2010cell populations, thereby providing a cellular mechanism for the increased CVD risk in liver disease patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T18:50:51Z","timestamp":1639680651000},"page":"648-664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Liver damage promotes pro\u2010inflammatory T\u2010cell responses against apolipoprotein B\u2010100"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"291","author":[{"given":"Bastian F. 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