{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:45:53Z","timestamp":1791470753768,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a chronic proinflammatory state and is associated with very high cardiovascular risk. Apolipoprotein A\u2010IV (apoA\u2010IV) has antiatherogenic, antioxidative, anti\u2010inflammatory and antithrombotic properties and levels increase significantly during the course of CKD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to investigate the association between apoA\u2010IV and all\u2010cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in the German Chronic Kidney Disease study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective cohort study including 5141 Caucasian patients with available apoA\u2010IV measurements and CKD. The majority of the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 30\u201360 ml\/min\/1.73m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> or an eGFR &gt;60 ml\/min\/1.73m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in the presence of overt proteinuria. Median follow\u2010up was 6.5 years. The association of apoA\u2010IV with comorbidities at baseline and endpoints during follow\u2010up was modelled adjusting for major confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean apoA\u2010IV concentrations of the entire cohort were 28.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.8 mg\/dl. Patients in the highest apoA\u2010IV quartile had the lowest high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein values despite the highest prevalence of diabetes, albuminuria and the lowest eGFR. Each 10 mg\/dl higher apoA\u2010IV translated into lower odds of prevalent cardiovascular disease (1289 cases, odds ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72\u20130.86, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0000003). During follow\u2010up, each 10 mg\/dl higher apoA\u2010IV was significantly associated with a lower risk for all\u2010cause mortality (600 cases, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.81, 95% CI 0.73\u20130.89, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.00004), incident major adverse cardiovascular events (506 cases, HR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.79\u20130.99, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03) and death or hospitalizations due to heart failure (346 cases, HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.73\u20130.96, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data support a link between elevated apoA\u2010IV concentrations and reduced inflammation in moderate CKD. ApoA\u2010IV appears to be an independent risk marker for reduced all\u2010cause mortality, cardiovascular events and heart failure in a large cohort of patients with CKD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T18:49:25Z","timestamp":1639680565000},"page":"622-636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Apolipoprotein A\u2010IV concentrations and clinical outcomes in a large chronic kidney disease cohort: Results from the GCKD study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"291","author":[{"given":"Johannes P.","family":"Schwaiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Epidemiology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Landeskrankenhaus Hall i.T.  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