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Early lung cancer detection leads to better survival outcomes: patients diagnosed with stage 1A lung cancer have a &gt;75% 5\u2010year survival rate, compared to &lt;5% at stage 4. Low\u2010dose computed tomography (LDCT) thorax imaging for the secondary prevention of lung cancer has been studied at length, and has been shown to significantly reduce lung cancer mortality in high\u2010risk populations. The US National Lung Screening Trial reported a 20% overall reduction in lung cancer mortality when comparing LDCT to chest X\u2010ray, and the Nederlands\u2010Leuvens Longkanker Screenings Onderzoek (NELSON) trial more recently reported a 24% reduction when comparing LDCT to no screening. Hence, the focus has now shifted to implementation research. Consequently, the 4\u2010IN\u2010THE\u2010LUNG\u2010RUN consortium based in five European countries, has set up a large\u2010scale multicenter implementation trial. Successful implementation of and accessibility to LDCT lung cancer screening are dependent on many factors, not limited to population selection, recruitment strategy, computed tomography screening frequency, lung\u2010nodule management, participant compliance, and cost effectiveness. This review provides an overview of current evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening, and draws attention to major factors that need to be addressed to successfully implement standardized, effective, and accessible screening throughout Europe. Evidence shows that through the appropriate use of risk\u2010prediction models and a more personalized approach to screening, efficacy could be improved. Furthermore, extending the screening interval for low\u2010risk individuals to reduce costs and associated harms is a possibility, and through the use of volumetric\u2010based measurement and follow\u2010up, false positive results can be greatly reduced. Finally, smoking cessation programs could be a valuable addition to screening programs and artificial intelligence could offer a solution to the added workload pressures radiologists are facing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T02:59:10Z","timestamp":1646621950000},"page":"68-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":178,"title":["Low\u2010dose computed tomography lung cancer screening: Clinical evidence and implementation research"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"292","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3025-9745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harriet L.","family":"Lancaster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute for Diagnostic Accuracy  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjolein A.","family":"Heuvelmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute for Diagnostic Accuracy  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthijs","family":"Oudkerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Diagnostic Accuracy  Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","unstructured":"The Global Cancer Observatory.All cancers.https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today(2020). 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