{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:56:15Z","timestamp":1792634175247,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]],"date-time":"2022-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010HL\u2010102457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010HL\u2010102457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current evidence is inconsistent on the benefits of aerobic exercise training for preventing or attenuating age\u2010related cognitive decline in older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effects of a 1\u2010year progressive, moderate\u2010to\u2010high intensity aerobic exercise intervention on cognitive function, brain volume, and cortical thickness in sedentary but otherwise healthy older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We randomized 73 older adults to a 1\u2010year aerobic exercise or stretching\u2010and\u2010toning (active control) program. The primary outcome was a cognitive composite score calculated from eight neuropsychological tests encompassing inductive reasoning, long\u2010term and working memory, executive function, and processing speed. Secondary outcomes were brain volume and cortical thickness assessed by MRI, and cardiorespiratory fitness measured by peak oxygen uptake (VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One\u2010year aerobic exercise increased peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> by \u223c10% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) while it did not change with stretching (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.241). Cognitive composite scores increased in both the aerobic and stretching groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001 for time effect), although no group difference was observed. Total brain volume (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and mean cortical thickness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) decreased in both groups over time, while the reduction in hippocampal volume was smaller in the stretching group compared with the aerobic group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.040 for interaction). Across all participants, improvement in peak VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was positively correlated with increases in cognitive composite score (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.282, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.042) and regional cortical thickness at the inferior parietal lobe (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.016).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>One\u2010year aerobic exercise and stretching interventions improved cognitive performance but did not prevent age\u2010related brain volume loss in sedentary healthy older adults. Cardiorespiratory fitness gain was positively correlated with cognitive performance and regional cortical thickness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T15:42:25Z","timestamp":1655480545000},"page":"788-803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Aerobic exercise training and neurocognitive function in cognitively normal older adults: A one\u2010year randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"292","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7061-8867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Tarumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and 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