{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:26:07Z","timestamp":1780410367139,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\u201002532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\u201002532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["681712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["681712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007436","name":"Familjen Erling-Perssons Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007436","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective follow\u2010up study aims to investigate the dynamic longitudinal change of plasma neurofilament light (NfL) levels after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in a cohort of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We tested a convenience sample of 116 patients from the NORTHIV study. Plasma NfL levels\u2014measured using Single molecule array (Simoa) technology\u2014as well as other laboratory parameters were collected at baseline, weeks 4, 48, 96, and 144. Linear mixed\u2010effects models were estimated to evaluate longitudinal change over time. Baseline CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell levels, CDC classification, and HIV RNA levels were considered. Models were adjusted by age, sex, treatment regimen, and baseline serum creatinine levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma NfL levels were higher at baseline and also declined faster during the follow\u2010up for participants with CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> count &lt;100 cells\/\u00b5l compared with &gt;100 cells\/\u00b5l. No significant difference was found between the CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> strata 100\u2013199 and 200\u2013499\/\u00b5l. Participants with CDC classification stages B and C had higher levels of plasma NfL at baseline, as well as faster decline compared with participants with stage A. No significant main effects or change over time was found in baseline HIV RNA levels, treatment regimen, or sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma NfL is a sensitive biomarker to assess ongoing central nervous system injury in PWH. Plasma NfL concentrations decline relatively fast following ART initiation and then stabilize after 48 weeks. Plasma NfL concentrations are associated with CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> count and stage of HIV disease. No correlations were seen with different ART regimens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T07:49:52Z","timestamp":1669708192000},"page":"445-456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Longitudinal decline of plasma neurofilament light levels after antiretroviral initiation in people living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"293","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0584-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Ripamonti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Milan Center for Neuroscience University of Milan\u2010Bicocca  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Economics and Management University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvid","family":"Ed\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Staffan","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"S\u00f6nnerborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Huddinge Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology Department of Laboratory Medicine ANA Futura Laboratory Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-4354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital  M\u00f6lndal Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease UCL Institute of Neurology Queen Square  London UK"},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL  London UK"},{"name":"Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Clear Water Bay  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Gissl\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.19.030196.000245"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis326"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.7.1768-1771.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab943"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042909-093756"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12570"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2017.1341313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.10.3472"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)03219-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0481-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088591"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000277635.05973.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix553"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.11.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2015-1195"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjno-2021-000143"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12279"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76990-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-021-01026-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10893-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226276"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000300"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00874-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000538"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2009.0177"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2012.756985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540310006395"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540701383154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/518043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000824"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652749"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030881"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001950"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31815ace97"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157160"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-010-0006-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318200d727"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1372337"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-019-09886-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.837390"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12816"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13332"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650538"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328355e6b2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657342"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000400"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw454"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac174"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-015-0382-7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joim.13594","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joim.13594","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joim.13594","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T06:24:51Z","timestamp":1695018291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joim.13594"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joim.13594"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.13594","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6820","1365-2796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6820","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}