{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T03:05:49Z","timestamp":1772247949964,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002808","name":"Carlsbergfondet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CF20\u20100045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF20\u20100045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NFF205A0063505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NFF205A0063505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF20SA0064201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF20SA0064201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Factors influencing SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibody dynamics, transmission, waning and long COVID\u201019 symptomatology are still not fully understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>In the Danish section of the Novo Nordisk Group, we performed a prospective seroepidemiological study during the first and second waves of the COVID\u201019 pandemic. All employees and their household members (>18 years) were invited to participate in a baseline (June\u2013August 2020), 6\u2010month follow\u2010up (December 2020\u2013January 2021), and 12\u2010month follow\u2010up (August 2021) sampling. In total, 18,614 accepted and provided at least one blood sample and completed a questionnaire regarding socioeconomic background, health status, previous SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, and persistent symptoms. Total antibody and specific IgM, IgG and IgA levels against recombinant receptor binding domain were tested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>At baseline, the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010antibody seroprevalence was 3.9%. At 6\u2010month follow\u2010up, the seroprevalence was 9.1%, while at 12\u2010month follow\u2010up, the seroprevalence was 94.4% (after the vaccine roll\u2010out). Male sex and younger age (18\u201340 years) were significant risk factors for seropositivity. From baseline to the 6\u2010month sampling, we observed a substantial waning of IgM, IgG and IgA levels (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001), regardless of age, sex and initial antibody level. An increased antibody level was found in individuals infected prior to vaccination compared to vaccinated infection na\u00efves (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.0001). Approximately a third of the seropositive individuals reported one or more persistent COVID\u201019 symptoms, with anosmia and\/or ageusia (17.5%) and fatigue (15.3%) being the most prevalent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The study provides a comprehensive insight into SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibody seroprevalence following infection and vaccination, waning, persistent COVID\u201019 symptomatology and risk factors for seropositivity in large working environments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T01:09:56Z","timestamp":1680829796000},"page":"763-781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibody dynamics over time and risk factors associated with infection and long COVID\u201019 symptoms in large working environments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"293","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7709-4522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilie Bo","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Dvoncova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Al\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamille","family":"Fogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine and Cardiology Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Herlev Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3083-5992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes Roth","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline Hartwell","family":"Garred","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Jarlhelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pernille Brok","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine and Cardiology Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Herlev Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffan Svejgaard","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S M\u00e5l\u00f8v Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte Gands\u00f8","family":"Fjordager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S M\u00e5l\u00f8v Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klara T\u00f8lb\u00f8ll","family":"Lauritsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S M\u00e5l\u00f8v Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Hilsted","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lasse","family":"Boding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Biobank Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0504-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasper Karmark","family":"Iversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine and Cardiology Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Herlev Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen 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