{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:21:23Z","timestamp":1785280883707,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) reduces cardiovascular events among patients with autoimmune disorders and is being evaluated as a therapeutic option for populations with high\u2010risk cardiovascular disease. However, recent studies have raised concerns about HCQ use and cardiovascular events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the association of HCQ initiation with heart failure\u2013related and all\u2010cause hospitalizations among patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a cohort study of patients aged \u226518 years with diagnosed HFpEF and autoimmune disease using MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases (2007\u20132019). Patients were required to initiate HCQ after their first HFpEF diagnosis (HCQ users) or not (HCQ nonusers). For the patients in the HCQ users group, the first HCQ prescription date was assigned as the index date. Index date for the HCQ nonuser group was assigned by prescription\u2010time distribution matching HCQ users, by utilizing the number of days from HFpEF diagnosis to the first HCQ prescription. After 1:\u22653 propensity score (PS) matching, Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare HF\u2010related and all\u2010cause hospitalizations between users and nonusers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After PS matching, 2229 patients (592 HCQ users and 1637 HCQ nonusers) were included. After controlling for covariates, patients who received HCQ had lower risks of HF\u2010related hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24\u20130.82) and all\u2010cause hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57\u20130.83) compared with patients not using HCQ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among patients with HFpEF and autoimmune disease, initiation of HCQ use was associated with a decreased risk of HF\u2010related and all\u2010cause hospitalizations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.20004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T09:42:13Z","timestamp":1724838133000},"page":"399-409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hospitalization after hydroxychloroquine initiation in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and autoimmune disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"296","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2242-1274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munaza","family":"Riaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3299-8111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haesuk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl J.","family":"Pepine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashutosh M.","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Florida South Georgia Veterans Healthcare System  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.313572"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00638"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-311652"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.068676"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.7682"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"856","article-title":"Dose response relationship of 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