{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T21:03:27Z","timestamp":1789419807235,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003569","name":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23212MFDS230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23212MFDS230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evolving evidence suggests that patients undergoing treatment with Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) may face an increased risk of cardiovascular events, malignancies, and serious infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed cardiovascular, malignancy, and serious infection risks associated with JAKi use compared to tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) use, which served as the active comparator, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or ulcerative colitis (UC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study emulated a target trial using South Korea's nationwide claims database (2013\u20132023). We constructed two separate cohorts comprising new users of JAKi or TNFi with either RA or UC and performed overlap weighting to control for confounders. Outcomes included three\u2010point\u2010major adverse cardiovascular events (3P\u2010MACE) (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke), malignancy, and serious infection. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The RA cohort included 14,972 patients, with 4759 initiating JAKi. The UC cohort included 2085 patients, with 347 initiating JAKi. In the overall RA cohort, the weighted HR was 0.92 (95% CI 0.59\u20131.42) for 3P\u2010MACE, 1.61 (1.08\u20132.41) for malignancy, and 1.08 (0.94\u20131.23) for serious infection. In the overall UC cohort, the weighted HR was 0.98 (0.11\u20138.42) and 0.45 (0.26\u20130.78) for malignancy and serious infection, respectively. No 3P\u2010MACE cases were observed in JAKi users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>JAKis were associated with an elevated risk of malignancy but no significant difference in the risk of 3P\u2010MACE and serious infection among all patients with RA. Further data are needed regarding the risk of malignancy and 3P\u2010MACE in patients with UC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.20064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T08:35:23Z","timestamp":1737966923000},"page":"366-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cardiovascular, cancer, and infection risks of Janus kinase inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis: A nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"297","author":[{"given":"Yongtai","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongwon","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"},{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health  Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzin","family":"Khosrow\u2010Khavar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey  Piscataway New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minkyo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health  Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Ha","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital  Seongnam South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1010-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju\u2010Young","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"},{"name":"Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences &amp; Technology Sungkyunkwan University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01349-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071971"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11602"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2109927"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223636"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2023045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221915"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42250"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead198"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003630"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003489"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002614"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223357"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00767-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-013-2833-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14855"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2809"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42444-019-0005-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2021.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207319"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-222259"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-022-05270-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2016.1240783"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-222824"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-023-01333-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-022-00505-1","article-title":"Evaluation of VTE, MACE, and serious infections among patients with RA treated with baricitinib compared to TNFi: a multi\u2010database study of patients in routine care using disease registries and claims databases","volume":"10","author":"Salinas CA","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-222543"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13932"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-10-810739"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-022-00990-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03111-w"}],"container-title":["Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joim.20064","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joim.20064","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joim.20064","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T05:56:42Z","timestamp":1774331802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joim.20064"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joim.20064"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.20064","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6820","1365-2796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6820","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}