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Although conventional memory CD4 and CD8 T cells will likely be key mediators of long\u2010lived, vaccine\u2010elicited protection, a potent T cell\u2013inducing vaccine against TB has been elusive. Protection by\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Mtb)\u2010specific T cells is mediated primarily through their communication with Mtb\u2010infected macrophages. Here, we discuss emerging evidence of multiple structural and immunoregulatory factors that limit effective T cell\u2013macrophage interactions in TB granulomas, posing a unique challenge to vaccine\u2010induced protection. Developing new TB vaccination strategies will require a better understanding of the crosstalk between T cells and infected pulmonary macrophages and strategies to enhance these interactions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.70028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T10:30:21Z","timestamp":1763807421000},"page":"44-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["T cell\u2013macrophage interactions in tuberculosis: What we've got here is failure to communicate"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"Rasmus","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research Department of Infectious Disease Immunology Statens Serum Institut  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia S. 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