{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T08:49:16Z","timestamp":1768034956730,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003748","name":"Svenska S\u00e4llskapet f\u00f6r Medicinsk Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010771","name":"Loo och Hans Ostermans Stiftelse f\u00f6r Medicinsk Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008444","name":"Parkinsonfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008444","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004348","name":"Stockholms L\u00e4ns Landsting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\u201000164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\u201000164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis has been implicated in dementia. Yet whether dementia is associated with microscopic colitis (MC), an age\u2010related inflammatory colonic disease involving gut dysbiosis, remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the nationwide ESPRESSO cohort in Sweden, we compared MC patients histologically diagnosed 1990\u20132017 and aged \u226530 years to their population\u2010based comparators and siblings, separately. MC association with incident and prevalent dementia diagnosis, respectively, was investigated in a matched cohort and a matched case\u2010control design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following 13,037 MC patients and 61,710 population comparators for a median of \u223c10 years, we observed 4674 incident dementia cases (46% were Alzheimer's disease [AD]). During the first 5 years since biopsy, MC was associated with a 19% higher dementia risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07\u20131.32). This short\u2010term association applied to both AD and vascular dementia and appeared stronger as compared to siblings (aHR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.22\u20131.97). After 5 years, it attenuated to null in both comparisons, regardless of dementia subtype. Prior dementia was less prevalent in MC (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.65\u20130.82). This inverse association was independent from medications commonly prescribed in MC but was not supported by sibling findings (aOR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.81\u20131.51).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MC patients may be more vulnerable to dementia diagnosis in early disease course. The intriguing inverse association between MC and preexisting dementia implies a possible underdiagnosis of MC in demented population and warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.70046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T08:35:31Z","timestamp":1764146131000},"page":"216-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microscopic colitis is associated with an increased risk of dementia in a Swedish population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"299","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1999-9304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Solna Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Brigham and Women's Hospital &amp; Harvard Medical School  Boston 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