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Cox regression estimated average adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for incident and recurrent AP over time, whereas flexible parametric survival models assessed time\u2010varying incident risks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During a median follow\u2010up of 15.5 years, incident AP occurred in 549 patients with CeD (incidence rate [IR]: 58.7\/100,000 person\u2010years), and 1732 reference individuals (IR: 37.8). The multivariable\u2010adjusted hazard for\n                      <jats:italic>incident<\/jats:italic>\n                      AP was consistently increased in patients with CeD compared with reference individuals (aHR\u00a0=\u00a01.42 [95% confidence intervals {CI}: 1.28\u20131.58]), resulting in one extra incident AP event per 185 CeD patients during the first 25 years after diagnosis. Increased incident risks were observed for gallstone\u2010 and non\u2010gallstone\u2010related AP, and severe AP, but not alcohol\u2010related AP. Conversely, in study participants who had survived a first AP episode, CeD was not associated with an increased risk for\n                      <jats:italic>recurrent<\/jats:italic>\n                      AP (aHR\u00a0=\u00a00.85 [0.67\u20131.08]). Sensitivity analyses, including a sibling comparison, confirmed the main findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CeD is linked to a moderately increased long\u2010term risk of incident AP, but not to recurrent AP after the first episode. Clinicians should be aware of this increased risk and counsel patients with CeD on AP risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.70074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T09:54:07Z","timestamp":1770976447000},"page":"515-528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long\u2010term risk of acute pancreatitis in patients with celiac disease: A nationwide population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"Jialu","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2252-684X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5862-966X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahim","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Digestive Health Care Center Basel\u2014Clarunis  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4808-1762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter H. 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