{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:39:08Z","timestamp":1792726748564,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\u201000970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\u201000970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\u201003174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\u201003174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024\u201006106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\u201006106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, with multi\u2010drug antibiotic regimens as the current standard of care. While effective at killing\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , these treatments do not resolve persistent inflammation, prevent lung damage, or reverse immune dysregulation that contribute to poor outcomes and disease recurrence. Precision medicine offers a promising alternative but requires deeper insight into disease mechanisms to enable tailored interventions. This comprehensive review introduces the concept of immune endotyping to define the underlying disease mechanisms as tools to decode clinical and immunological heterogeneity in TB. TB displays a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes, from latent or asymptomatic infection to mild or severe disease with characteristic non\u2010cavitary or cavitary lung pathology. Instead, distinct immune endotypes capture the diverse biological pathways that shape disease progression and treatment response. Similar clinical presentations may arise from different immune dysfunctions, underscoring the need to move beyond broad phenotypic classifications. Advances in multi\u2010omics and computational analyses uncover immune signatures that enable stratification for host\u2010directed therapies (HDTs) targeting hyperinflammation, immunosuppression, coagulopathy or metabolic exhaustion. Integrating clinical, radiological, and immunological data through multimodal profiling is essential for developing personalized interventions. We also explore how endotyping has transformed treatment in other diseases, offering valuable insights for TB. Additionally, we present examples of how putative immune endotypes may be targeted with appropriate HDTs. In summary, this review underscores the potential of immune endotypes to advance precision medicine in TB, moving beyond one\u2010size\u2010fits\u2010all treatment to improve outcomes, especially in severe and drug\u2010resistant cases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.70092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T10:14:10Z","timestamp":1775211250000},"page":"670-693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Immune endotypes in tuberculosis: Keys to decoding disease complexity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"299","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3855-2682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shamila D.","family":"Alipoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Medicine Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3411-9598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Guthrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Network Medicine at the University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8885-3320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina Davies","family":"Forsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Solna Karolinska Institutet  Solna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5990-6470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Di Nardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Tuberculosis Program Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases Radboud UMC Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8540-153X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Brighenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM) Department of Medicine Huddinge Karolinska Institutet, ANA Futura  Huddinge Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54394\/CJQU6666"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frabi.2025.1570989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1538127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-013-0388-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2022.101672"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01739.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.820134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.suppl_2.ii54"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2014.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2014.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1296501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5386.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315325"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2014.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1059725"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-195604000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00058-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00962"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201311-2106PP"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-023-00563-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02121.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.12.7099-7108.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.613638"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020604331886"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02569"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030762"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit780"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPCM1CKASVBMBP"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3322-3326.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00905-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00162-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02171"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19412-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02764-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-025-01988-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12778"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200508-1294OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0006-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201302-0249OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.841741"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102670"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005490"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005667"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abf3861"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201807-1250LE"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI38482"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0880"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8712-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02370"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.595746"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00021\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1179663"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-01351-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006687"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200907-1047OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PhamLK CervantesMM LimPN DubeyD TuftsA ShinkawaT et\u00a0al.NRF2 inhibition of alveolar macrophage MHC II expression duringMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection. bioRxiv.2025.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.08.16.670319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060721"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.12.8595"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/323600"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00624-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080941"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2014.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201707-1441OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03189-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2020.8124"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008929"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57819-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.885312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14163318"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12767"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/139127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1053-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03742-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11111081"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1953-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-242831"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028531"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI134622"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01780-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017848","article-title":"Clinical aspects of adult tuberculosis","volume":"6","author":"Loddenkemper R","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2020.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200903-0392OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-015-0529-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI124611"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-023-01237-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-025-00802-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101829"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03956-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.694680"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1211619"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00963"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132249"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20221392"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12252"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01121-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PisuD SunnyPS NelsonML JuneckoBF VenugopalanR RodgersMA et\u00a0al.Spatially\u2010distinct programming of macrophage diversity within the granulomas ofMycobacterium tuberculosisinfected nonhuman primates. bioRxiv.2025.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.06.12.659348"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.12.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24055033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02263-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60255-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2019.101301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003084"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318343"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30051-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51474-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00542-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KimMS SongM KimH ParkS ShimI LimS et\u00a0al.Genomics reveals eleven obesity endotypes with distinct biological and phenotypic signatures. medRxiv.2025.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.06.30.25330607"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg6375"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_129_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Immunotherapy for tuberculosis: future prospects","volume":"5","author":"Abate G","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunotargets Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2305001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401576"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00171"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02603"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0226-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13010042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13489"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737268"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00028510"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.7.3340"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.8.2673"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1109742"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.33478"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1687911"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01836-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz517"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit152"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2404841121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.062056099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.52362"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2095930"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02350"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2025.2542466"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01517"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-12-395707"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit809"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-017-0425-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01231-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00090702"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138340"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3203-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab100"}],"container-title":["Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joim.70092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joim.70092","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joim.70092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T09:48:04Z","timestamp":1781516884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joim.70092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"references-count":160,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joim.70092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.70092","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6820","1365-2796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6820","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}