{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T19:33:20Z","timestamp":1785526400094,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u201000178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u201000178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u201003324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u201003324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals showing concurrent and rapid declines in cognitive and motor performance (i.e., dual decliners) are at increased risk of faster progression to dementia. Still, the role of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in motor\/cognitive joint trajectories remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test the association between blood AD biomarkers and different patterns of decline of cognitive and motor functions in an aging, community\u2010dwelling population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 1660 dementia\u2010free participants from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. Cognitive and motor functions were assessed over 15 years using the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination and gait speed. Based on individual decline rates derived from linear mixed models, participants were classified as slow\/non\u2010decliners, fast motor decliners, fast cognitive decliners, or dual decliners. Baseline plasma concentrations of AD biomarkers (amyloid\u2010\u03b2 [A\u03b2] 42\/40 ratio, phosphorylated tau 217 [p\u2010tau217], phosphorylated tau 181 [p\u2010tau181], total tau, neurofilament light chain [NfL], and glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]) were quantified using single\u2010molecule array assays. Associations between standardized biomarker levels and decline patterns were tested using multinomial logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher plasma levels of p\u2010tau217 (odds ratio [OR] 2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.34\u20133.09), p\u2010tau181 (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.60\u20131.98), and NfL (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.34\u20131.61) were most strongly associated with dual decline, compared with slow\/no decline. Although a lower A\u03b242\/40 ratio and higher GFAP levels were mainly linked to isolated cognitive, p\u2010tau217 alone was associated with future isolated motor decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this population\u2010based study, distinct AD blood biomarkers were associated with different patterns of cognitive and motor decline. Whether these represent separate pathways or a clinical continuum, further research is needed to clarify underlying mechanisms and inform clinical applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.70110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T03:50:31Z","timestamp":1778644231000},"page":"64-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and 15\u2010year decline in cognitive and motor functions in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"300","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8068-9406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Pinardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery 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