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Still, life course patterns of vicarious exposure to the system\u2014especially to lower\u2010level contacts\u2014among parents and siblings are not well documented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curves, and Cox regression models, we estimate cumulative risks of vicarious exposure to arrest, probation, and incarceration among parents (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03885 parents; 185,444 person\u2010years) and siblings (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01875; 44,766 person\u2010years) and examine disparities by race\u2013ethnicity, gender, and education, and at their intersections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vicarious exposure to the system is common\u2014but highly unequal\u2014among parents and siblings. Racially minoritized parents and siblings had greater levels and earlier risks of exposure. For example, by age 50, an estimated one in five Black parents experienced having a child incarcerated, a risk about twice as high as White and 50% higher than Latinx parents. By age 26, an estimated 6 in 10 Black young people with brothers experienced having a brother arrested; more than 4 in 10 experienced a brother on probation; and more than 3 in 10 experienced brother incarceration. For many estimates, racialized inequities in risks of vicarious system exposure widened at higher levels of education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings provide essential context for understanding the role of the criminal legal system in maintaining and exacerbating family inequality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T08:30:26Z","timestamp":1652085026000},"page":"1446-1468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Vicarious exposure to the criminal legal system among parents and siblings"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9159-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney E.","family":"Boen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Population Studies Center, Population Aging Research Center, Leonard Davis Institute University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology and Graduate Group in Demography University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hedwig","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Brown School of Social Work, Center for the Study of Race, Ethnicity, and Equity Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"The new Jim crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness (Tenth anniversary edition)","author":"Alexander M.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Cuz: the life and times of Michael a (first edition)","author":"Allen D. 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