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First, parental incarceration is negatively associated with closeness between youth and their incarcerated parents. Second, the timing of first parental incarceration is important. Parental incarceration in early or middle childhood is negatively associated with closeness between youth and their incarcerated parent, and parental incarceration in adolescence is positively associated with closeness between youth and their nonincarcerated parent. Third, relationships between parents themselves explain some of the association between paternal incarceration in early childhood and father\u2013youth closeness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taken together, these findings advance our understanding of both the relational and intergenerational consequences of criminal legal contact and our understanding of the correlates of parent\u2013youth relationships and, in doing so, highlights how family ecological contexts contribute to inequality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T09:15:25Z","timestamp":1684142125000},"page":"1087-1109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Parental incarceration and parent\u2013youth closeness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4642-3490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"Turney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology University of California\u2010Irvine  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/2\u20133 and 1992 profile","author":"Achenbach T. 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