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The legislation led to dramatic declines in welfare caseloads and increases in employment. Much less is known about the effects of welfare reform on dynamics within families that affect children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using data on low\u2010educated unmarried mothers in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 linked to information on their 10\u2010 to 14\u2010year\u2010old children, we exploit variations in welfare reform implementation across states, over time, and between treatment and comparison groups to identify plausibly causal effects of the legislation on children's reports of activities with parents and closeness of the maternal\u2010child relationship. The analytic sample includes 3,172\u20133,737 observations for boys and 3,089\u20133,619 for girls, depending on outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We find modestly negative effects of welfare reform on children's reports of activities with parents and closeness of the maternal\u2010child relationship, with stronger effects for boys than girls. We find no evidence that the effects operated through employment. However, we found suggestive evidence that decreases in income play a role.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Welfare reform compromised maternal involvement and engagement with adolescents, particularly boys, which could adversely affect their development and long\u2010run success.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.13076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T12:34:03Z","timestamp":1737808443000},"page":"1130-1152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of welfare reform on maternal engagement and involvement with young adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0213-1392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hope","family":"Corman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rider University and National Bureau of Economic Research  Lawrenceville New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dhaval M.","family":"Dave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bentley University, National Bureau of Economic Research &amp; IZA  Waltham Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7506-5023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel","family":"Kalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0771-4340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ofira","family":"Schwartz\u2010Soicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University Donald Stokes Library  Princeton New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7285-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Reichman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Administration for Children and Families U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 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