{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T10:32:26Z","timestamp":1786357946660,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD091125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD091125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Marriage and Family"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper examines employment responses to partners' long work hours among new mothers and fathers and asks how gendered couple dynamics at the transition to parenthood have changed over four decades.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mothers are more responsive than fathers to institutional constraints on managing demands at home, and evidence is mixed on the extent to which couple dynamics have become more egalitarian over time. The current study extends research on the incompatibility of long work hours and motherhood, drawing on a couple perspective to examine how partners' long work hours shape new parents' job exits and work hours, and how these associations have evolved over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Current Population Survey panels from 1982 to 2020 (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009136,336 couple years;\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/cps.ipums.org\/cps\/\">https:\/\/cps.ipums.org\/cps\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ) are used to measure the employment and work hours of both partners. Fixed effect models estimate employment changes\u00a0around first birth, accounting for potentially confounding time\u2010invariant characteristics of couples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>New mothers pull back from work more when their partners work long hours. Husbands' employment and work hours, by contrast, are not sensitive to partners' long work hours. Despite changes in men's involvement in housework and caregiving, results show little evidence of change over 40\u2009years in the moderating role of partners' long hours on own employment following birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first U.S. study to examine change in the role of long work hours in shaping couples' employment responses to parenthood. Findings shed light on couple dynamics at the transition to parenthood and document persistence in husbands' work hour patterns and associations with wives' employment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.70105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T09:59:26Z","timestamp":1786355966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Partners' Long Work Hours and Changes in New Parents' Employment Over 40\u2009Years"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Kelly","family":"Musick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7739-4886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wonjeong","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU  Abu Dhabi UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/271083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13545700701716649"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/354019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/esr\/jcad054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2000.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674021594","volume-title":"Competing Devotions: Career and Family Among Women Executives","author":"Blair\u2010Loy M.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.103.3.251"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jel.20160995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122410365307"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243212470510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122414528936"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Making Motherhood Work: How Women Manage Careers and Caregiving","author":"Collins C.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gwao.12506"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08912432211001300"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/700185"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243210361475"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728\u20104457.2015.00024.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","volume-title":"Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, Current Population Survey: Version 10.0 [Data Set]","author":"Flood S.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"The Unfinished Revolution: Coming of Age in a New Era of Gender, Work, and Family","author":"Gerson K.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/688892"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/000282806777212350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.104.4.1091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.31.1.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728\u20104457.2015.00045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"Families That Work: Policies for Reconciling Parenthood and Employment","author":"Gornick J. C.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"Han S. W. andK.Musick.2023.\u201cVariation in Work Hours and Returns to Work Hours in Comparative Perspective.\u201d(Paper Presentation Population Association of America Annual Meeting)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7916\/D8902DH8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","volume-title":"The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood","author":"Hays S.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/esr\/17.3.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0730888405281889"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0950017019870752"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240607100406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0958928714556968"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/00703370\u20109373598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243215597445"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23780231251318151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","volume-title":"Good Jobs, Bad Jobs: The Rise of Polarized and Precarious Employment Systems in the United States, 1970s\u20132000s","author":"Kalleberg A. L.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243210372073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2016.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/esr\/jcw063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2378023120947997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","first-page":"70","volume-title":"Current Population Reports","author":"Laughlin L.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2061686"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12810"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12897"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:POPU.0000019916.29156.a7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20161500"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122420934430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2025.103302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","unstructured":"Musick K. A.Meier J.Himmelstern andS.Kennedy.2022.\u201cParents' Vulnerability to Job Loss and Leaving During COVID\u201019.\u201d(Paper Presentation PAA 2022 Annual Meeting)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524\u2010015\u20100425\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","volume-title":"Modern Parenthood: Roles of Moms and Dads Converge as They Balance Work and Family","author":"Parker K.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122414564008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12434"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/esr\/jcx079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gwao.12661"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12607"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199755776.001.0001","volume-title":"Framed by Gender: How Gender Inequality Persists in the Modern World","author":"Ridgeway C. L.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JEM\u2010140388"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7758\/rsf.2016.2.4.08"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741\u20103737.2010.00802.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","volume-title":"Opting Out?: Why Women Really Quit Careers and Head Home","author":"Stone P.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716204268552"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","volume-title":"Package Deal: Marriage, Work, and Fatherhood in Men's Lives","author":"Townsend N.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7758\/rsf.2016.2.4.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","volume-title":"Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data","author":"Wooldridge J. M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/00703370\u201010207604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/soc4.12881"}],"container-title":["Journal of Marriage and Family"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jomf.70105","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jomf.70105","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jomf.70105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T09:59:31Z","timestamp":1786355971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jomf.70105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jomf.70105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jomf.70105","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2445","1741-3737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2445","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jomf.70105"}}