{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T23:24:19Z","timestamp":1781306659792,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24MH100931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24MH100931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMSS RG 5120A3\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMSS RG 5120A3\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this pilot study, we sought to investigate the pathological changes in the white matter (WM) of medically complex, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)\u2010treated patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), comparing them to patients with long\u2010standing, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)\u2010derived WM tract integrity (WMTI) metrics, 15 HIV and 15 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched SPMS patients with similar disease duration underwent magnetic resonance imaging analysis. Maps of WMTI metrics were created. Tract\u2010based spatial statistics analysis of the whole brain and regions of interest analysis of the corpus callosum (CC) and the anterior thalamic radiations (ATRs) were performed and the derived WMTI metrics were compared between the groups of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Axonal water fraction, an index of chronic axonal loss, showed similarities between HIV and the chronic MS patients in all regions; in contrast, tortuosity, a measure more sensitive to myelin loss, was regionally variable. In addition, in HIV patients, WMTI metrics of the CC and left ATR were associated with cognitive test scores, suggesting clinical relevance for these measures of WM damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conclude that DKI\u2010derived WMTI metrics may be a valuable tool in assessing the WM changes of medically complex HIV\u2010infected individuals. While not powered to examine potential etiologies of WM changes in this pilot sample, regional variations in WMTI metrics were seen. When contrasted with changes consequent to chronic MS of similar duration, HIV and its comorbidities appear to result in similar degrees of axonal damage, but regionally variable amounts of myelin loss and extraxonal abnormality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T05:08:37Z","timestamp":1517288917000},"page":"320-327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Shows Similar Cerebral Axonal Damage in Patients with HIV Infection and Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Korhan","family":"Buyukturkoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lazar","family":"Fleyser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New 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