{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T10:33:03Z","timestamp":1770719583463,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV\u2010positive subjects suffer from neurocognitive deficits and disorder. We employ multishell diffusion imaging to investigate possible white matter microstructural correlates of infection severity, quantified through plasmatic percentage value of CD4 T\u2010lymphocytes, Nadir\u2010CD4 count, and plasma concentration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010ribonucleic acid (RNA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 41 HIV patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and blood sampling to evaluate biochemical markers. Diffusion\u2010weighted imaging was performed at 3 Tesla (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2010values: 1000 s\/mm\u00b2 and 2500 s\/mm\u00b2, 64 gradient directions\/<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2010value, 8 <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>0 images). The Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging models were fitted separately after which mean, radial, and axial diffusivity (MD, RD, AD, respectively), fractional anistrotropy (FA), mean and radial kurtosis (MK and RK, respectively), and kurtosis anisotropy (KA) maps were extracted. Associations of each metric with biochemical markers were explored through tract\u2010based spatial statistics followed by threshold\u2010free cluster enhancement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found significant positive associations between Nadir\u2010CD4 values and both KA and FA, and significant negative associations between Nadir\u2010CD4 values and MD. Also, we found significant positive associations among %CD4 and MK, KA, and FA, and significant negative associations among %CD4 values and MD. These associations were bilateral and involved predominantly the long association fibers. Anatomically, these associations were more widespread when using KA as compared to FA. No statistically significant associations with HIV\u2010RNA concentrations were found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In HIV\u2010positive subjects, associations between biochemical and diffusion\u2010MRI variables are found along the association fibers, which connect brain areas involved in memory formation, providing a possible interpretation for the neurobiological substrate underlying cognitive disturbances in HIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T11:24:40Z","timestamp":1563189880000},"page":"771-778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cerebral Multishell Diffusion Imaging Parameters are Associated with Blood Biomarkers of Disease Severity in HIV Infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Garaci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging and Neuroradiology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"},{"name":"San Raffaele Cassino  FR Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2524-9764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliseo","family":"Picchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging and Neuroradiology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Di Giuliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging and Neuroradiology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Lanzafame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Minosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging and Neuroradiology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Manenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging and Neuroradiology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara Adriana","family":"Pistolese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging and Neuroradiology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Sarmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases Tor Vergata University  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Teti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases Tor Vergata University  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Andreoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases Tor Vergata University  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Floris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging and Neuroradiology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Toschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"228","article-title":"Inflammation, immune activation, immunosenescence, and hormonal biomarkers in the frailty\u2010related phenotype of men with or at risk for HIV infection","volume":"215","author":"Erlandson KM","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.711"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318200d727"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000112"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1940080711"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-015-1489-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-015-0409-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20508"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21725"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1518"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","unstructured":"LeemansA JeruissenB SijbersJ et\u00a0al.ExploreDTI: a graphical toolbox for processing analyzing and visualizing diffusion MR data.Presented at the Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Honolulu HI; April 18\u201024 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21890"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.783"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.03.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a007120"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000560"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207146"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502548102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4836-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12497"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61809-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-7-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir387"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283354a7b"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280490521078"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-009-9102-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/JMN:29:2:131"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000203524.57993.e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20190"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2008.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2018.00077"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-010-9129-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt094"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","volume-title":"Imaging of the Brain","author":"Nadich TP","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.03.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280902769756"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70165-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5341.1295"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjon.12655","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jon.12655","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jon.12655","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jon.12655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T10:30:22Z","timestamp":1694169022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jon.12655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jon.12655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jon.12655","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-2284","1552-6569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-2284","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}