{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:36:53Z","timestamp":1772163413341,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the reorganization of the central nervous system provided by resting state\u2010functional MRI (rs\u2010fMRI), graph\u2010theoretical analysis, and a newly developed functional brain network disruption index in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty HIV\u2010positive patients without neurological impairment and 20 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls underwent rs\u2010fMRI at 3T; blood sampling was obtained the same day to evaluate biochemical variables (absolute, relative, and nadir CD4 T\u2010lymphocytes value and plasmatic HIV\u2010RNA). From fMRI data, disruption indices, as well as global and local graph theoretical measures, were estimated and examined for group differences (HIV vs. controls) as well as for associations with biochemical variables (HIV only). Finally, all data (global and local graph\u2010theoretical measures, disruption indices, and biochemical variables) were tested for putative differences across three patient groups based on the duration of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brain function of HIV patients appeared to be deeply reorganized as compared to normal controls. The disruption index showed significant negative association with relative CD4 values, and a positive significant association between plasmatic HIV\u2010RNA and local graph\u2010theoretical metrics in the left lingual gyrus and the right lobule IV and V of right cerebellar hemisphere was also observed. Finally, a differential distribution of HIV clinical biomarkers and several brain metrics was observed across cART duration groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study demonstrates that rs\u2010fMRI combined with advanced graph theoretical analysis and disruption indices is able to detect early and subtle functional changes of brain networks in HIV patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T17:24:27Z","timestamp":1619457867000},"page":"796-808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Functional brain network reorganization in HIV infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Minosse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2524-9764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliseo","family":"Picchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Di Giuliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Sarmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases Tor Vergata University  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Teti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases Tor Vergata University  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara Adriana","family":"Pistolese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Lanzafame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Di Ci\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Guerrisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Andreoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases Tor Vergata University  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Floris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Toschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Athinoula A. 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