{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:14:49Z","timestamp":1787015689945,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dynamic contrast\u2010enhanced MRI (DCE\u2010MRI) can be employed to assess the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Detection of BBB leakage at lower field strengths (\u22643T) is cumbersome as the signal is noisy, while leakage can be subtle. Utilizing the increased signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio at higher field strengths, we explored the application of 7T DCE\u2010MRI for assessing BBB leakage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A dual\u2010time resolution DCE\u2010MRI method was implemented at 7T and a slow injection rate (0.3 ml\/s) and low dose (3 mmol) served to obtain signal changes linearly related to the gadolinium concentration, that is, minimized for T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>\n                      degradation effects. With the Patlak graphical approach, the leakage rate (\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        K\n                        <jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and blood plasma volume fraction (\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        v\n                        <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      ) were calculated. The method was evaluated in 10 controls, an ischemic stroke patient, and a patient with a transient ischemic attack.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        K\n                        <jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        v\n                        <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      were significantly higher in gray matter compared to white matter of all participants. These\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        K\n                        <jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      values were higher in both patients compared to the control subjects. Finally, for the lesion identified in the ischemic stroke patient, higher leakage values were observed compared to normal\u2010appearing tissue.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We demonstrate how a dual\u2010time resolution DCE\u2010MRI protocol at 7T, with administration of half the clinically used contrast agent dose, can be used for assessing subtle BBB leakage. Although the feasibility of DCE\u2010MRI for assessing the BBB integrity at 3T is well known, we showed that a continuous sampling DCE\u2010MRI method tailored for 7T is also capable of assessing leakage with a high sensitivity over a range of\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        K\n                        <jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      values.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T13:08:37Z","timestamp":1624453717000},"page":"902-911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["7T dynamic contrast\u2010enhanced MRI for the detection of subtle blood\u2013brain barrier leakage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4880-2670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisanne P. W.","family":"Canjels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"MHENS, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology  Eindhoven the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5271-8060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacobus F. A.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"MHENS, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology  Eindhoven the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6849-4751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marieke","family":"van den Kerkhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"MHENS, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert\u2010Jan","family":"Alers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Maastricht University Medical Center  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt A.","family":"Poser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Wiggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scannexus BV  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronique M. M. M.","family":"Schiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Maastricht University Medical Center  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"van de Ven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob P. 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