{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:12:11Z","timestamp":1787015531135,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The phenotype of Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome\u2010associated neuropathy has been better characterized in recent years. However, Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome\u2010associated neuropathy remains an underdiagnosed entity with only few insights considering the pathomechanisms of nerve damage. Nerve ultrasound has proven to be a useful and efficient tool in detecting nerve damage of autoimmune origin. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate this method for Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome\u2010associated neuropathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome and clinical signs of neuropathy underwent sonographic examination of both median and ulnar nerves. Nerve thickening was classified for cross\u2010sectional areas of &gt;12 mm\u00b2 at the median nerve and for &gt;10 mm\u00b2 at the ulnar nerve. Fascicle thickening was documented for cross\u2010sectional areas \u22655 mm\u00b2 at the median and \u22653 mm\u00b2 at the ulnar nerve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty\u2010three patients were included in the analysis (median age 60 years [interquartile range 53\u201373 years], female rate 60%). 31\/43 patients (72%) showed abnormalities on nerve ultrasound, while nerve thickening was found more frequently than fascicle thickening (90% vs. 52% of patients with sonographic abnormalities, respectively). Abnormal findings were observed more frequently at the median nerve and in proximal localization. Abnormal findings on nerve conduction studies were evident in 36\/43 patients (84%). Nerve conduction studies revealed a tendency of demyelinating nerve damage patterns being associated with abnormal findings on nerve ultrasound.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In addition to nerve conduction studies, nerve ultrasound may have a supporting role in the diagnosis of Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome\u2010associated neuropathy. Also, our data support an immune\u2010mediated inflammatory demyelinating pathogenesis of Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome\u2010associated neuropathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T11:11:33Z","timestamp":1626433893000},"page":"1156-1165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Nerve ultrasound findings in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome\u2010associated neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6018-6826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tabea","family":"Seeliger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"B\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Gingele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils K.","family":"Prenzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thea","family":"Thiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology &amp; Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology &amp; Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology &amp; Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Stangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Skripuletz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"K\u00f6rner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1935.tb04186.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66990-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01600"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10459-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000454765"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1665"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-1856"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1345138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.48.1924"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000169179.67764.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2012.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0096(200011\/12)28:9<488::AID-JCU7>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2003.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010369"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210571"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.23.8.690"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"Standards for quantification of EMG and neurography. 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