{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T09:17:14Z","timestamp":1771665434107,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) present a complex array of immunologic and medical disorders that impact brain structure and metabolism, complicating the interpretation of neuroimaging. This pilot study of well\u2010characterized multi\u2010morbid PWH examined how medical and immunologic factors predicted brain characteristics on proton MR spectroscopy (1H\u2010MRS) and diffusion\u2010weighted imaging (DWI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), with mean age of 56 years, underwent medical history review, neuroimaging, and on the day of imaging, blood draw for assay of 20 plasma cytokines and flow cytometric characterization of peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets. Predictors of n\u2010acetyl aspartate, choline, myoinositol, glutamate\/glutamine, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity were identified through bivariate correlation; those significant at <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .1000 were advanced to multivariate analysis, with models created for each neuroimaging outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monocyte subsets and diverse cytokines accounted for 16 of 25 (64%) variables predicting 1H\u2010MRS spectra in frontal gray and white matter and basal ganglia; monocyte subsets did not predict any DWI characteristic. In contrast, age, presence of hypertension, and duration of HIV infection accounted for 13 of 25 (52%) variables predicting diffusion characteristics in the corpus callosum, thalamic radiations, and basal ganglia but only 3 of 25 (12%) predictors of 1H\u2010MRS features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>1H\u2010MRS neurometabolites were most often predicted by immunologic factors sensitive to temporal variation, whereas DWI metrics were more often related to longer\u2010term disease state. In multi\u2010morbid cART\u2010era populations, selection and interpretation of neuroimaging modalities should account for complex temporal and pathogenetic influences of immunologic abnormality, disease state, and aging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T17:26:23Z","timestamp":1631640383000},"page":"158-170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<b>MR spectroscopy and diffusion imaging in people with<\/b> human immunodeficiency virus<b>: Relationships to clinical and immunologic findings<\/b>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Morgello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York City New York USA"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Pathology The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York 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