{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T15:11:07Z","timestamp":1771254667987,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The timely and accurate diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is essential and exposure to multiple sclerosis (MS) disease\u2010modifying therapies may result in permanent neurological disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Standardized 3\u2010Tesla 3\u2010dimensional brain MRI studies were retrospectively studied from people with NMOSD, MS, other CNS neurological diseases, and healthy control subjects. Comparisons of surface texture characteristics at the area postrema involving absolute introverted planar triangle counts, representing more complex and concave tissue topography, along with the spatial dissemination pattern of these triangles were performed cross\u2010sectionally and longitudinally. An ideal introverted planar triangle threshold separating groups with NMOSD and MS was accomplished using the highest Youden's\n                      <jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic>\n                      statistic. For the classification of NMOSD, out\u2010of\u2010sample and in\u2010sample measurements of the following were acquired: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study cohort included 60 people with NMOSD, 100 people with MS, 12 with other neurological diseases, and five healthy controls. Significantly higher cross\u2010sectional median introverted triangle counts were observed when the NMOSD (median [interquartile range]: 100 [23.5]) group was compared to MS (65 [20.25];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001) and other neurological diseases (66 [13.75];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). Distinct spatial dissemination patterns of triangles extending craniocaudally at the region of interest within the dorsal medulla was also seen between groups with NMOSD and MS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). For the identification of NMOSD, out\u2010of\u2010sample sensitivity (83%), specificity (100%), PPV (100%), and NPV (60%) were achieved.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal dorsal medulla surface texture differences within selective regions of vulnerability differentiate NMOSD from MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.13059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T11:49:37Z","timestamp":1664624977000},"page":"1090-1097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Dorsal medulla surface texture: Differentiating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6499-1523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darin T.","family":"Okuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neuroinnovation Program, Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Imaging Program The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of Texas at Dallas  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"McCreary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neuroinnovation Program, Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Imaging Program The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neuroinnovation Program, Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Imaging Program The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katy W.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neuroinnovation Program, Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Imaging Program The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of Texas at Dallas  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of Texas at Dallas  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1407-8621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatum M.","family":"Moog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neuroinnovation Program, Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Imaging Program The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas  Dallas Texas 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