{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:31:27Z","timestamp":1789576287284,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Free\u2010water\u2010corrected diffusion tensor imaging (FW\u2010DTI), a new analysis method for diffusion MRI, can indicate neuroinflammation and degeneration. There is increasing evidence of autoimmune etiology in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS). We used FW\u2010DTI and conventional DTI to investigate microstructural brain changes related to autoantibody titers in patients with ME\/CFS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We prospectively examined 58 consecutive right\u2010handed ME\/CFS patients who underwent both brain MRI including FW\u2010DTI and a blood analysis of autoantibody titers against \u03b21 adrenergic receptor (\u03b21 AdR\u2010Ab), \u03b22 AdR\u2010Ab, M3 acetylcholine receptor (M3 AchR\u2010Ab), and M4 AchR\u2010Ab. We investigated the correlations between these four autoantibody titers and three FW\u2010DTI indices\u2014free water (FW), FW\u2010corrected fractional anisotropy (FAt), and FW\u2010corrected mean diffusivity\u2014as well as two conventional DTI indices\u2014fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity. The patients\u2019 age and gender were considered as nuisance covariates. We also evaluated the correlations between the FW\u2010DTI indices and the performance status and disease duration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant negative correlations between the serum levels of several autoantibody titers and DTI indices were identified, mainly in the right frontal operculum. The disease duration showed significant negative correlations with both FAt and FA in the right frontal operculum. The changes in the FW\u2010corrected DTI indices were observed over a wider extent compared to the conventional DTI indices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results demonstrate the value of using DTI to assess the microstructure of ME\/CFS. The abnormalities of right frontal operculum may be a diagnostic marker for ME\/CFS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.13128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T12:31:15Z","timestamp":1685190675000},"page":"845-851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Free\u2010water\u2010corrected diffusion and adrenergic\/muscarinic antibodies in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Yukio","family":"Kimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry  Kodaira Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wakiro","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Kodaira 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