{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:35:43Z","timestamp":1747186543992,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To define cystic patterns resulting from term hypoxic ischemic injury (HII) on delayed Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and determine associated HII patterns and lesions that reflect the severity of injury, from a database of African children with cerebral palsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective review of 1175 children with cerebral palsy due to term HII diagnosed on late MRI, identifying those with cystic changes. These were classified as multicystic or (multi\u2010) focal\u2010cystic, and were evaluated for associated injuries\u2014thalami, basal ganglia, hippocampi, cerebellum, and presence of ulegyria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hundred and eighty\u2010eight of 1175 (33%) children had cystic encephalomalacia. Two hundred and seven of 388 (53.3%) had focal\u2010cystic and 181\/388 (46.6%) had multicystic injury. The focal\u2010cystic group comprised 87.9% (182\/207) with thalamic injury, 25.6% (53\/207) with basal ganglia injury, and 15% (31\/207) with cerebellar involvement. Basal\u2010ganglia\u2010thalamus (BGT) pattern was present in 43.9% (91\/207) and ulegyria in 69.6% (144\/207). In the multicystic group, 88.9% (161\/181) had thalamic injury, 30.9% (56\/181) had basal ganglia injury, and 21% (38\/181) had cerebellar involvement. BGT pattern was observed in 29.8% (54\/181) and ulegyria in 28.7%. (52\/181). Significant associations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;.05) were found between multicystic injury and caudate\/globus pallidus involvement, and between focal\u2010cystic pattern of injury and ulegyria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cystic encephalomalacia was seen in almost one\u2010third of patients with term HII imaged with delayed MRI, with a similar prevalence of focal\u2010cystic and multicystic injury. Multicystic injury was associated with caudate and globus pallidi involvement, typical of the BGT pattern of HII, whereas the focal\u2010cystic pattern was associated with ulegyria, typical of watershed injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.13190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T04:34:11Z","timestamp":1705120451000},"page":"386-392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Distinguishing multicystic from focal encephalomalacia on delayed MRI in children with term hypoxic ischemic injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1066-5279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana","family":"Alkhulaifat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania 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