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HS can be divided further by subtype, as defined by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). Type 1 HS, the most prevalent form (60%\u201080% of all cases), is characterized by cell loss and gliosis predominantly in the subfields cornu ammonis (CA1) and CA4. Type 2 HS features cell loss and gliosis primarily in the CA1 sector, and type 3 HS features cell loss and gliosis predominantly in the CA4 subfield. This literature review evaluates studies on hippocampal subfields, exploring whether observable atrophy patterns from in vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans correlate with histopathological examinations with manual or automated segmentation techniques. Our findings suggest only ex vivo 1.5\u00a0Tesla (T) or 3T MRI with manual segmentation or in vivo 7T MRI with manual or automated segmentations can consistently correlate subfield patterns with histopathologically derived ILAE\u2010HS subtypes. In conclusion, manual and automated segmentation methods offer advantages and limitations in diagnosing ILAE\u2010HS subtypes, with ongoing research crucial for refining hippocampal subfield segmentation techniques and enhancing clinical applicability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.13225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T12:38:58Z","timestamp":1722602338000},"page":"515-526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Advances in MRI\u2010based diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy: Correlating hippocampal subfield volumes with histopathology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9335-9914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea C.","family":"Ellsay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences Queen's University  Kingston Ontario 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