{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:16:30Z","timestamp":1789020990518,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic active multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions represent a particularly destructive subset of lesions on pathology. However, their imaging correlates, including paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) detected on susceptibility\u2010weighted imaging, lack sensitivity and are difficult to implement in clinical practice. This exploratory, longitudinal study investigates the prevalence and temporal dynamics of a novel imaging marker, T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010dark rims, and their relationship with PRLs observed on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four untreated people with MS underwent 7\u2010Tesla MRI scanning six times over a period of 36\u00a0weeks. New and pre\u2010existing lesions were analyzed for the presence and temporal evolution of T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010dark and QSM rims. Quantitative T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> values were derived using B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> maps, and the relationship between rim status and lesion size was evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 159 baseline lesions, 22 (14%) had T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010dark rims, 11 (7%) had QSM rims, and five lesions had both. T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010dark and QSM rims showed temporal changes, with T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010dark rims preceding new QSM rim appearance in three out of four (75%) lesions. Eleven out of 20 (55%) newly formed lesions had T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010dark rims, with a T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010dark rim present in all new lesions over 100\u00a0mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. Small new lesions lacked discernible rims, but their overall T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> values aligned with those of larger lesion T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010dark rims implying shared pathological processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010dark rims were more common than QSM rims, with greater prevalence in newly formed lesions. We propose they represent edema and inflammation associated with early stages of chronic active lesion formation visible despite, not because of, iron accumulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.70044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T03:48:13Z","timestamp":1747194493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["T<sub>1<\/sub>\u2010Dark Rim as a Marker of New and Chronic Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions: A Serial Study With Frequent 7T MRI"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Marshall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Academic Unit, School of Medicine University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kingkarn","family":"Aphiwatthanasumet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University  Phitsanulok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Mougin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Stadelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology University Medical Centre G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5870-1446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul S.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Academic Unit, School of Medicine University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob A.","family":"Dineen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Academic Unit, School of Medicine University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penny","family":"Gowland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham  Nottingham 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