{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T08:07:51Z","timestamp":1783930071835,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arachnoid granulations (AGs) are cerebrospinal fluid drainage structures whose number and size may vary with intracranial pressure (ICP). Although changes in AG size following lumbar puncture have been reported, longitudinal changes in patients with and without acute ICP alterations have not been studied. This study evaluated AG number and volume over time in patients with and without acute ICP changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively reviewed head and neck computed tomography angiography scans over a 10\u2010year period. Subjects had two consecutive scans with visible AGs. Controls had no acute intracranial pathology, whereas cases had acute hydrocephalus with decompression and ICP monitoring via extraventricular drains. AG volume was measured in both groups; AG number was assessed in controls only. Wilcoxon signed rank tests and paired\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests were used to assess within\u2010group differences. Welch's\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test and Type III analysis of variance were used for between\u2010group differences and interaction effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 88 controls, AG volumes had a statistically significant change over time (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.010). In four hydrocephalus cases, AG volume decreased by 29.9\u00a0mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.030) after ICP reduction. Between\u2010group analysis showed a significant point estimate difference (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.020) and interaction (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), indicating differing AG responses to acute ICP changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AGs are dynamic structures exhibiting measurable changes in number and volume over time. AG volume appears responsive to acute ICP alterations, supporting their function in ICP regulation and suggesting a potential role as an imaging biomarker for ICP dynamics in acute hydrocephalus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.70097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:46:04Z","timestamp":1761543964000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic Nature of Arachnoid Granulations During Acute Changes in Intracranial Pressure: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3672-9349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew Wai Kei","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology George Washington University Hospital  Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipakkumar","family":"Thakor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology George Washington University Hospital  Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Aboudahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology George Washington University Hospital  Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Sheikhy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology George Washington University Hospital  Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Reza","family":"Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology George Washington University Hospital  Washington, DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"The Structure of Arachnoid Granulations With Observations on Their Physiological and Pathological Significance","volume":"29","author":"Turner L.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Studies on Cerebro\u2010Spinal Fluid No. III: The Pathways of Escape From the Subarachnoid Spaces With Particular Reference to the Arachnoid Villi","volume":"31","author":"Weed L. H.","year":"1914","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2739\/kurumemedj.40.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25857"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14776"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19714009231173109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000668"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-85578-2_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.698865"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.72.863.10700819"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"1523","article-title":"Normal Appearance of Arachnoid Granulations on Contrast\u2010Enhanced CT and MR of the Brain: Differentiation From Dural Sinus Disease","volume":"17","author":"Leach J. 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