{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T12:03:55Z","timestamp":1754481835979},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7979,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Transcranial duplex color\u2010flow imaging is a new diagnostic method that allows visual display of blood flow in the basal cerebral arteries. This method allows determination of and correction for the Doppler angle of insonation. Conventional transcranial Doppler sonography has no imaging component and assumes a 0\u2010degree Doppler angle for the calculation of flow velocities. The magnitude of the angle of insonation and the effect on flow velocity estimates have not been clearly defined. In order to evaluate the angle of insonation and the effect of angle correction on velocity readings, 50 patients referred for evaluation of cerebrovascular disease were studied. The mean age was 45 years (range, 24\u201062 yr). All were examined with conventional transcranial Doppler and transcranial duplex color\u2010flow imaging. Specific vessels of the circle of Willis were identified by location, course, and direction of flow on color\u2010flow images and by depth, direction of flow, and transducer orientation with conventional Doppler sonography. Visually controlled measurements of the Doppler angle of insonation were made by color\u2010flow imaging. The data show that the mean angle of insonation was 33 degrees (\u00b1 15) in the middle cerebral artery, 35 degrees (\u00b1 17) in the anterior cerebral artery, 45 degrees (\u00b1 18) in the posterior cerebral artery, and 15 degrees (\u00b1 14) in the basilar artery. Angle\u2010corrected peak systolic flow velocities were higher in all vessel segments (middle cerebral = 15%, anterior cerebral = 18%, posterior cerebral = 30%, and basilar = 3%), compared to uncorrected velocity readings by conventional Doppler sonography. Colorflow imaging facilitates determination of the angle of insonation and angle correction of flow velocity estimates. These data suggest that the angle of insonation is greater than previously appreciated. Angle correction yielded higher average flow velocities in all vessels. The clinical importance of these higher, angle\u2010corrected velocities is not known.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jon19944277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]],"date-time":"2016-02-08T10:37:28Z","timestamp":1454927848000},"page":"77-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Quantitative Measurements of Blood Flow Velocity in Basal Cerebral Arteries with Transcranial Duplex Color\u2010Flow Imaging: A Comparative Study with Conventional Transcranial Doppler Sonography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Bartels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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