{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T10:04:55Z","timestamp":1775556295029,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]],"date-time":"2014-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reports on post\u2010surgical pain are a few, controversial and flawed (by statistics and analgesic consumption). Besides, it is not known if chlorhexidine can reduce post\u2010extraction pain adjusting for its effect on prevention of infection and dry socket (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>). We assessed these. A total of 90 impacted mandibular third molars of 45 patients were extracted. Intra\u2010alveolar 0\u00b72% chlorhexidine gel was applied in a split\u2010mouth randomised design to one\u2010half of the sockets. None of the included patients took antibiotics or analgesics afterwards. In the first and third post\u2010operative days, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> formation and pain levels were recorded. Predictive roles of the risk factors were analysed using fixed\u2010effects (classic) and multilevel (mixed\u2010model) multiple linear regressions (<jats:italic>\u03b1\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b705, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u22640\u00b71). In the first day, pain levels were 5\u00b756\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00b753 and 4\u00b778\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00b743 (out of 10), respectively. These reduced to 3\u00b722\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00b741 and 2\u00b716\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00b740. Pain was more intense on the control sides [both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> values\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7000 (paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test)]. Chlorhexidine had a significant pain\u2010alleviating effect (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b70001), excluding its effect on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> and infection. More difficult surgeries (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b70201) and dry sockets were more painful (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b70000). Age had a marginally significant negative role (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b70994). Gender and smoking had no significant impact [<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2265\u00a00\u00b77 (regression)]. The pattern of pain reduction differed between dry sockets and healthy sockets [<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b70102 (<jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc>)]. Chlorhexidine can reduce pain, regardless of its infection\u2010\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010preventive effects. Simpler surgeries and sockets not affected by alveolar osteitis are less painful. Smoking and gender less likely affect pain. The role of age was not conclusive and needs future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]],"date-time":"2014-09-23T09:25:15Z","timestamp":1411464315000},"page":"209-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Chlorhexidine gel and less difficult surgeries might reduce post\u2010operative pain, controlling for dry socket, infection and analgesic consumption: a split\u2010mouth controlled randomised clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Haraji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dental Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Rakhshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Dental Anatomy and 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