{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T19:08:14Z","timestamp":1788894494539,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]],"date-time":"2015-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effect of adding transcranial direct current stimulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>) to exercises for chronic pain, dysfunction and quality of life in subjects with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Participants were selected based on the RDC\/TMD criteria and assessed for pain intensity, pressure pain threshold over temporomandibular joint and cervical muscles and quality of life. After initial assessment, all individuals underwent a 4\u2010week protocol of exercises and manual therapy, together with active or sham primary motor cortex <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>. Stimulation was delivered through sponge electrodes, with 2\u00a0mA amplitude, for 20\u00a0min daily, over the first 5\u00a0days of the trial. A total of 32 subjects (mean age 24\u00b77\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06\u00b78\u00a0years) participated in the evaluations and treatment protocol. Mean pain intensity pre\u2010treatment was 5\u00b75\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00b74 for active <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> group, and 6\u00b73\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00b72 for sham <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>. Both groups showed a decrease in pain intensity scores during the trial period (time factor \u2013 <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>4\u00b75,137\u00b75<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a028\u00b77, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7001; group factor \u2013 <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u00b70,30\u00b70<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a07\u00b77, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b705). However, there were no differences between the groups regarding change in pain intensity (time*group interaction \u2013 <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>4\u00b75,137\u00b75<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a01\u00b75, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7137). This result remained the same after 5\u00a0months (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test <jats:italic>t\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b729, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&gt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b705). Pressure pain thresholds decrease and improvement in quality of life were also noticeable in both groups, but again without significant differences between them. Absolute benefit increase was 37\u00b75% (CI 95%: \u221215\u00b79% to 90\u00b79%), and number needed to treat was 2\u00b766. This study suggests that there is no additional benefit in adding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content> to exercises for the treatment of chronic TMD in young adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]],"date-time":"2015-04-20T05:46:50Z","timestamp":1429508810000},"page":"723-732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Transcranial direct current stimulation and exercises for treatment of chronic temporomandibular disorders: a blind randomised\u2010controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"L. B.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bahian School of Medicine and Human Health Salvador Brazil"},{"name":"Adventist College of Bahia Cachoeira Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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N.","family":"S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bahian School of Medicine and Human Health Salvador Brazil"},{"name":"Functional Electrostimulation Laboratory Health Sciences Institute Federal University of Bahia Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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