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The study was initiated by a symposium organised by the International <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RDC<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content> Consortium Network in March 2013, to which the present authors contributed. The following areas are addressed: problems with current classification approaches, status of the ontological basis of pain disorders, insufficient diagnostic aids and biomarkers for pain disorders, exploratory nature of current pain terminology and classification systems, and problems with prevailing classification methods from an ontological perspective. Four recommendations for addressing these problems are as follows: (i) develop a hypothesis\u2010driven classification structure built on principles that ensure to our best understanding an accurate description of the relations among all entities involved in oro\u2010facial pain disorders; (ii) take into account the physiology and phenomenology of oro\u2010facial pain disorders to adequately represent both domains including psychosocial entities in a classification system; (iii) plan at the beginning for field\u2010testing at strategic development stages; and (iv) consider how the classification system will be implemented. Implications in relation to the specific domains of psychosocial factors and biomarkers for inclusion into an oro\u2010facial pain classification system are described in two separate papers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,25]],"date-time":"2015-07-25T08:21:21Z","timestamp":1437812481000},"page":"926-941","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Perspectives on next steps in classification of oro\u2010facial pain \u2013 part 1: role of ontology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"Ceusters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Michelotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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