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The signals of directional lip\u2010closing force were investigated in eight directions before training and 5 and 7 days after the lip training. The differences in the closing force between pre\u2010 and post\u2010training were then analysed statistically. The lip\u2010closing force increased in the following order: pre\u2010training, 5 days post\u2010training and 7 days post\u2010training in every direction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b705). The patterns of the increase in the lip\u2010closing force in the upper, lower, right and left directions as a result of the repetitions were similar. No significant differences were noted between the training effects with loads of 200 and 400 g. Our findings demonstrated that the lip\u2010closing force was influenced by the short\u2010term lip training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T07:56:54Z","timestamp":1474444614000},"page":"833-839","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Multidirectional lip\u2010closing force in adult females after short\u2010term lip training"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Asahi University Hozumi Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Tokura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Asahi University Hozumi Gifu 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