{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T21:48:11Z","timestamp":1766180891428},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]],"date-time":"2016-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007924","name":"University of Louisville","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in occlusal vertical dimension (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVD<\/jats:styled-content>) and age have been found to affect Smile Index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content>, width\/height of smile). Limited information is available regarding the aesthetic effects of these changes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the attractiveness of digitally manipulated smile images with differences in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content> and incisal edge position (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEP<\/jats:styled-content>) judged by respondents in different age groups. A total of 12 smile images were generated with varying <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content> (3\u00b75, 5\u00b73, 7\u00b72, 9\u00b70) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEP<\/jats:styled-content> (High, Medium, Low). Fifty respondents each in four age groups (15\u201324, 25\u201339, 40\u201354, 55+) evaluated the attractiveness of the 12 images using a 0\u201310 visual analog scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>, 10 being most attractive). A repeated\u2010measures three\u2010factorial mixed model assessed differences. SI, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEP<\/jats:styled-content> and age of respondents were found to significantly influence attractiveness score (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b701 for all). With all age groups combined, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content> = 7\u00b72\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEP<\/jats:styled-content> = Medium was most attractive (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content> = 7\u00b722), followed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content> = 9\u00b70\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEP<\/jats:styled-content> = Medium, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content> = 5\u00b73\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEP<\/jats:styled-content> = Medium (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content> = 6\u00b753 and 6\u00b748, respectively). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content> = 3\u00b75\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEP<\/jats:styled-content> = High and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content> = 3\u00b75\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEP<\/jats:styled-content> = Low were least attractive (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content> = 1\u00b799 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content> = 2\u00b758, respectively). Age group significantly influenced aesthetic perception, with younger respondents more critical in differences in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEP<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEP<\/jats:styled-content> significantly influenced attractiveness of the smile in all respondent age groups. Low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content> (i.e. 3\u00b75) combined with high or low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEP<\/jats:styled-content> was unattractive. Medium <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content> to high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content> (i.e. 5\u00b73\u20139\u00b70) combined with medium <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEP<\/jats:styled-content> were considered attractive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]],"date-time":"2016-09-09T21:18:21Z","timestamp":1473455901000},"page":"855-862","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of smile index and incisal edge position on perception of attractiveness in different age groups"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"J.\u2010C.","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health and Rehabilitation University of Louisville School of Dentistry Louisville KY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville School of Dentistry Louisville KY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Katwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health and Rehabilitation University of Louisville School of Dentistry Louisville KY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. N.","family":"Elathamna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health and Rehabilitation University of Louisville School of Dentistry Louisville KY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. T.","family":"Durski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry and Oral Medicine University of Louisville School of Dentistry Louisville KY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1996.tb00179.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(73)80013-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2001.tb03382.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.1999.tb00414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2008.0043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.04.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/072813-562.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2007.0103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.05.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201302223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(78)80179-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"778","article-title":"Influence of sex on the perception of oral and smile esthetics with different gingival display and incisal plane inclination","volume":"75","author":"Geron S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(84)80097-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/040112-268.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2014.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Smile analysis and design in the digital era","volume":"36","author":"Ackerman MB","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-015-0099-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.odw.2008.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.10.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2011.00839.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"502","article-title":"Incisor crowding in untreated persons 15\u201350 years of age: United States, 1988\u20131994","volume":"73","author":"Buschang PH","year":"2003","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-014-0565-x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoor.12439","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoor.12439","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joor.12439","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T05:20:36Z","timestamp":1696224036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joor.12439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joor.12439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joor.12439","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-182X","1365-2842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-182X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]}}}