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Inclusion was based on: (i) the type of study, viz., clinical studies on adults assessing the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content> (e.g., signs, symptoms, specific diagnoses) and features of dental occlusion by means of single or multiple variable analysis, and (ii) their internal validity, viz., use of clinical assessment approaches to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis. The search accounted for 25 papers included in the review, 10 of which with multiple variable analysis. Quality assessment showed some possible shortcomings, mainly related with the unspecified representativeness of study populations. Seventeen (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 17) articles compared <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content> patients with non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content> individuals, whilst eight papers compared the features of dental occlusion in individuals with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content> signs\/symptoms and healthy subjects in non\u2010patient populations. Findings are quite consistent towards a lack of clinically relevant association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content> and dental occlusion. Only two (i.e., centric relation [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>]\u2010maximum intercuspation [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>] slide and mediotrusive interferences) of the almost forty occlusion features evaluated in the various studies were associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content> in the majority (e.g., at least 50%) of single variable analyses in patient populations. Only mediotrusive interferences are associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content> in the majority of multiple variable analyses. Such association does not imply a causal relationship and may even have opposite implications than commonly believed (i.e., interferences being the result, and not the cause, of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content>). Findings support the absence of a disease\u2010specific association. Based on that, there seems to lack ground to further hypothesise a role for dental occlusion in the pathophysiology of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content>. Clinicians are encouraged to abandon the old gnathological paradigm in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content> practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,10]],"date-time":"2017-06-10T08:12:37Z","timestamp":1497082357000},"page":"908-923","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":333,"title":["Temporomandibular disorders and dental occlusion. 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