{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:08:20Z","timestamp":1791454100354,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical and radiographic characteristics of a subset of South East Asian temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients with comorbid upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) were documented in a multi\u2010center prospective series of 86 patients (26 men and 60 women \/ mean age 35.7 years). All had excessive daytime sleepiness, high arousal index and Apnoea\u2010Hypopnoea Index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHI<\/jats:styled-content>) &lt;5. The mean body mass index was 20\u00b71, mean arousal index 16\u00b72, mean respiratory disturbance index 19\u00b76, mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHI<\/jats:styled-content> 3\u00b79 while the mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale was 14\u00b78. Many had functional somatic complaints; 66\u00b73% headaches, 41\u00b79% neck aches, 53\u00b75% masticatory muscle myalgia, 68\u00b76% temporomandibular joint (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>) arthralgia while 90\u00b77% reported sleep bruxism (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SB<\/jats:styled-content>). Unlike patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>), hypertension was uncommon (4\u00b77%) while depression was prevalent at 68\u00b76% with short <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">REM<\/jats:styled-content> latency of &lt;90\u00a0min and an increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">REM<\/jats:styled-content> composition &gt;25% documented in 79\u00b76% and 57\u00b76% of these depressed patients, respectively. 65\u00b71% displayed a posteriorly displaced condyle at maximum intercuspation with or without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> clicking. Most\u00a0exhibited a forward head posture (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FHP<\/jats:styled-content>) characterised by loss of normal cervical lordosis (80\u00b72%), C0\u2013C1 narrowing (38\u00b74%) or an elevated hyoid position (50%), and 91\u00b79% had nasal congestion. We postulate the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UARS<\/jats:styled-content> phenotype may have originally developed as an adaptive response to \u2018awake\u2019 disordered breathing during growth. Patients with persistent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content> and\/or reporting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SB<\/jats:styled-content> should be screened for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UARS<\/jats:styled-content> and chronic nasal obstruction, especially when they also present with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FHP<\/jats:styled-content>. The lateral cephalogram is a useful tool in the differentiation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UARS<\/jats:styled-content> from other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> phenotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]],"date-time":"2017-08-14T09:56:38Z","timestamp":1502704598000},"page":"25-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Clinical phenotype of South\u2013East Asian temporomandibular disorder patients with upper airway resistance syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"D. K. L.","family":"Tay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialist Division T32 Dental Centre Camden Medical Centre Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3799-1891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. 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