{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T23:43:58Z","timestamp":1769730238074,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13ZR1444900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13ZR1444900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>An increasing number of studies have indicated that the central and autonomic nervous systems play roles in the genesis of sleep bruxism (SB<\/jats:styled-content>). The role of specific neurochemicals in SB<\/jats:styled-content> has been a subject of interest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>In this study, we use proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS<\/jats:styled-content>) to determine whether the levels of \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA<\/jats:styled-content>) and glutamate (Glu) are different in the brainstem and bilateral cortical masticatory area (CMA<\/jats:styled-content>) between possible sleep bruxism (SB<\/jats:styled-content>) patients and controls, and discuss whether the brainstem or cortical networks which may affect the central masticatory pathways are under the genesis of SB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Twelve possible SB<\/jats:styled-content> patients and twelve age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched controls underwent 1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS<\/jats:styled-content> using the \u201cMEGA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Point Resolved Spectroscopy Sequence\u201d (MEGA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PRESS<\/jats:styled-content>) technique in the brainstem and bilateral CMA<\/jats:styled-content>. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy data were processed using LCM<\/jats:styled-content>odel. Because the signal detected by MEGA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PRESS<\/jats:styled-content> includes contributions from GABA<\/jats:styled-content>, macromolecules (primarily proteins) and homocarnosine, the GABA<\/jats:styled-content> signal is referred to as \u201cGABA<\/jats:styled-content>+\u201d. The glutamate complex (Glx) signal contains both glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln), which mainly reflect glutamatergic metabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Edited spectra were successfully obtained from the bilateral CMA<\/jats:styled-content> in all subjects. There were no significant differences in neurochemical levels between the left and right CMA<\/jats:styled-content> in possible SB<\/jats:styled-content> patients and controls. In the brainstem, significantly lower GABA<\/jats:styled-content>+ levels were found in possible SB<\/jats:styled-content> patients than in controls (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.011), whereas there was no significant difference (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.307) in Glx levels between the 2 groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>SB<\/jats:styled-content> patients may possess abnormalities in the GABA<\/jats:styled-content>ergic system of brainstem networks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T09:08:44Z","timestamp":1505120924000},"page":"934-940","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Decreased \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid levels in the brainstem in patients with possible sleep bruxism: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"X.","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics School & Hospital of Stomatology Tongji University Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2699-9679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics School & Hospital of Stomatology Tongji University Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.\u2010J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Mental Health Center School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics School & Hospital of Stomatology Tongji University Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.\u2010C.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics School & Hospital of Stomatology Tongji University Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"916","volume-title":"The International Classification of Sleep Disorders","author":"AAOS 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