{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T18:47:45Z","timestamp":1793731665191,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]],"date-time":"2018-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002848","name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FONDECYT 1140904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FONDECYT 1140904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002848","name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FONDECYT 1181780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FONDECYT 1181780"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>It is well accepted that the presence of cytokines belonging to the Th1\/Th17\/Th22 axis of immuno\u2010inflammatory response in the joint environment, such as IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022, respectively, are associated with pathogenesis of several synovial joint degenerative disorders. During temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010OA<\/jats:styled-content>), IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017 have been implicated in the inflammation and resorption of sub\u2010chondral bone; however, the role of Th22 response in the TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010OA<\/jats:styled-content> pathophysiology has not been established. This study aimed to compare the expression of Th1\/Th17\/Th22\u2010type cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors in synovial fluid samples obtained from TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010OA<\/jats:styled-content> or disk displacement with reduction (DDWR<\/jats:styled-content>) patients. In addition, it aimed to associate these levels with joint pain, imagenological signs of bone degeneration, RANKL<\/jats:styled-content> production, osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast\u2010induced bone resorption. Higher levels of IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 were expressed in TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010OA<\/jats:styled-content> compared with DDWR<\/jats:styled-content> subjects, and these increased levels significantly correlated with RANKL<\/jats:styled-content> expression, joint pain and articular bone degeneration. Higher levels of CCR<\/jats:styled-content>5, CCR<\/jats:styled-content>6 and CCR<\/jats:styled-content>7, as well as their respective ligands CCL<\/jats:styled-content>5 and CCL<\/jats:styled-content>20, responsible for recruitment of IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022\u2010producing cells, were over\u2010expressed in TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010OA<\/jats:styled-content> compared with DDWR<\/jats:styled-content> subjects. Osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast\u2010induced bone resorption were significantly greater in presence of synovial fluid from TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010OA<\/jats:styled-content> compared with DDWR<\/jats:styled-content> subjects. These data demonstrate that cytokines, CCL<\/jats:styled-content>s and CCR<\/jats:styled-content>s associated with the Th1\/Th17\/Th22 axis of immuno\u2010inflammatory response are involved in TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010OA<\/jats:styled-content> pathogenesis. These findings suggest that IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 is involved in the RANKL<\/jats:styled-content> expression in TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010OA<\/jats:styled-content>, which in turn induces differentiation of osteoclasts and subsequent resorption of sub\u2010chondral bone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T11:20:45Z","timestamp":1526383245000},"page":"589-597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Th1\/Th17\/Th22 immune response and their association with joint pain, imagenological bone loss, RANKL expression and osteoclast activity in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: A preliminary report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Monasterio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontal Biology Laboratory Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontal Biology Laboratory Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontal Biology Laboratory Faculty of Dentistry Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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