{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:21:30Z","timestamp":1790036490757,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]],"date-time":"2018-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>During childhood, perioral muscle function is closely associated with malocclusion. To clarify the effects of tongue function on maxillofacial morphology in children, tongue pressure and maximum lip\u2010closing force (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCF<\/jats:styled-content>) were measured and the relationship between perioral muscle function and maxillofacial morphology was evaluated according to the skeletal classification. Maximum tongue pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTP<\/jats:styled-content>) and swallowing tongue pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STP<\/jats:styled-content>) were measured on the anterior palatine rugae in 100 children (Hellman's dental stages <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIIA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIIC<\/jats:styled-content>) using a balloon\u2010type tongue pressure measurement device. Lip\u2010closing force was measured using an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCF<\/jats:styled-content> measurement device. Lateral cephalograms were examined to classify subjects into skeletal (S)\u2010I, S\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> and S\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> groups. Correlations of skeletal classification with tongue pressure and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCF<\/jats:styled-content> were examined. Correlations of lateral cephalometric measurements with palatal volume (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PV<\/jats:styled-content>), measured using a three\u2010dimensional optical scanner, were evaluated. Maximum tongue pressure was significantly lower in the S\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> group than in other groups. Swallowing tongue pressure was significantly lower in the S\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> group than in the S\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> group. Lip\u2010closing force was significantly higher in the S\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> group than in other groups. Swallowing tongue pressure was positively correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PV<\/jats:styled-content>. Correlations between tongue pressure and anteroposterior skeletal classification indicated the importance of quantitative tongue function assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,16]],"date-time":"2018-06-16T10:05:40Z","timestamp":1529143540000},"page":"684-691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Relationship between tongue pressure and maxillofacial morphology in Japanese children based on skeletal classification"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5498-0997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Kurabeishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Department of Oral Growth and Development Ohu University School of Dentistry  Fukushima 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