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The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic role of local bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) injection in ligation\u2010induced periodontitis and the underlying mechanisms. Alveolar bone lesion was induced by placing ligatures subgingivally around the bilateral maxillary second molars for 28\u00a0days. The alveolar bone lesion was confirmed by micro\u2010CT analysis and bone histomorphometry. Allogeneic BMSC transplantation was carried out at 28\u00a0day after ligation. The survival state of the transplanted BMSC was observed by bioluminescent imaging. The implantation of the BMSC into the gingival tissues and periodontal ligament was confirmed by green fluorescent protein (GFP) immunohistochemical staining. The expression level of pro\u2010inflammatory, tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) and interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2), and receptor activator of nuclear factor\u2010\u03ba B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in periodontal tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and real\u2010time PCR. Significant reverse of alveolar bone lesion was observed after BMSC transplantation. The expression of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2 was down\u2010regulated by BMSC transplantation. The number of tartrate\u2010resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)\u2010positive osteoclasts in the periodontal ligament was reduced, and the increased RANKL expression and decreased OPG expression were also reversed after BMSC transplantation. It is concluded that allogeneic BMSC local injection could inhibit the inflammation of the periodontitis tissue and promote periodontal tissue regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T20:56:10Z","timestamp":1561064170000},"page":"73-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The therapeutic role of bone marrow stem cell local injection in rat experimental periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &amp; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 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