{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:53:00Z","timestamp":1787161980343,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of bicuspid extractions and incisor retraction on airway dimension, hyoid position and breathing of adults and late adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Eight databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus were searched to August 2018. Minimum age of participants was 16\u00a0years. The intervention was dual\u2010arch bicuspid extractions with incisor retraction. Outcomes were airway dimension, hyoid position and breathing assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All nine publications meeting inclusion criteria were from Asia. They were divided into three Asian subregions. All East Asian lateral cephalometric studies reported anteroposterior airway narrowing at the oropharynx and sometimes the hypopharynx. However, the narrowing was small, comparable to measurement errors, and highly variable. Two out of three East Asian computed tomography (CT) studies described reductions in airway dimensions. The single functional breathing study showed increased simulated flow resistance after incisor retraction in East Asians. South Asian studies had mixed findings, with some reporting significant airway narrowing. The single study from West Asia found no significant airway or hyoid changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Airway response to bicuspid extractions and incisor retraction varied substantially when assessed with cephalometry. CT measurements present larger effect sizes and smaller variations, providing stronger evidence of airway narrowing. Orthodontic extractions for incisor retraction may be more frequently indicated in Asia, and East Asians seem particularly susceptible to airway narrowing and postero\u2010inferior hyoid movement with incisor retraction. Better designed CT studies are needed for confirmation due to small effect size and large variability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]],"date-time":"2019-07-08T03:34:26Z","timestamp":1562556866000},"page":"1071-1087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of bicuspid extractions and incisor retraction on upper airway of Asian adults and late adolescents: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2781-865X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing Hao","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Dental Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2699-9337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi Lin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Dental Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian U. J.","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Dental Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital National University Health System Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27497"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"877","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in sleep disturbances: The Multi\u2010Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"38","author":"Chen X","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00043-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12747"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.20325"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.1.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.131094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201303-0448OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12913"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e328334f659"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2010.514007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-015-1238-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2016.1192315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea: dentistry's unique role in longevity enhancement","volume":"7","author":"Hang W","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Orthod Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"FukudaT TsuikiS MaedaKet al.Possible increase in the severity of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with orthodontic premolar extractions. 20th Anniversary Meeting of the American Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine;2011; Minneapolis Minnesota USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5284"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00045.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02082.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-13-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/011011-13.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/110211-675.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/010810-19.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/101711-646.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-015-1122-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","unstructured":"AAO.American Association of Orthodontists White Paper: Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Orthodontics.2019;https:\/\/www1.aaoinfo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/sleep-apnea-white-paper-amended-March-2019.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/082610-499.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2011.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","unstructured":"GuoJ ShiX.Premolar extraction effects on upper airway morphology in adult Class\u2161 hyperdivergent patients. Zhong guo shui mian yan jiu hui di jiu jie xue shu nian hui (Ninth Academic Annual Meeting of China Sleep Research Association);2016; Beijing."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","unstructured":"LeeSJ KawataA ShinHM ChambersD ParkJH OhH.Changes in airway volume in adult patients following orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions versus non\u2010extraction. Excellence Day;2018; San Francisco California USA."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","first-page":"398","article-title":"Effect of incisor retraction on three\u2010dimensional morphology of upper airway and fluid dynamics in adult class \u2160 patients with bimaxillary protrusion","volume":"53","author":"Sun FC","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kouqiang Yixue Zazhi (Chinese Journal of Stomatology)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"006","article-title":"Extraction orthodontic treatment changes on tongue root position, hyoid bone position and upper airway sagittal diameter in deep overjet patients","volume":"2","author":"Chen Y","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Modern Stomatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","first-page":"006","article-title":"Effects of extraction orthodontic treatment on the upper airway dimensions in patients with class I malocclusions","volume":"12","author":"Fang ZX","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chinese J N Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Comparison of cephalometric evaluation of upper airway dimensions between adult and teenager patients with bimaxillary proclination after extraction orthodontic treatment","volume":"11","author":"Liu Y","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pract J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Effects of extraction orthodontic treatment on the upper airway dimensions in young adult patients with malocclusion","volume":"26","author":"Xu KF","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pract Stomatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","unstructured":"ShannonTP.Oropharyngeal airway volume following orthodontic treatment: premolar extraction versus non\u2010extraction[Theses and Dissertations] University of Tennessee Health Science Center;2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.132314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.JOS_140_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/121116-889.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/apos.apos_61_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","unstructured":"UNSD.Methodology. Standard country or area codes for statistical use (M49).2019;https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/methodology\/m49\/. Accessed 25 March 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143233"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","first-page":"344","article-title":"Effects of bodily retraction of mandibular incisors versus mandibular setback surgery on pharyngeal airway space: a Comparative Study","volume":"47","author":"Keum BT","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dent Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18231\/2455-6785.2017.0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2016.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jios.jios_42_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45706"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016358008997719"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","first-page":"393","article-title":"Soft tissue growth of the oropharynx","volume":"66","author":"Taylor M","year":"1996","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318193d521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/od.1998.v114.a87874"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2004.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812473413"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2010.01482.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/032516-243.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.130952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00746.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2012.42.2.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90085-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"A comparative study of southern Chinese and British Caucasian cephalometric standards","volume":"59","author":"Cooke MS","year":"1989","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Profile changes following orthodontic correction of bimaxillary protrusion with a preadjusted edgewise appliance","volume":"11","author":"Tan TJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","first-page":"333","article-title":"Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: traits and orthodontic correction","volume":"75","author":"Bills DA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200010000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.8.1075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2016.09.010"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V37N8p629","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea in Singapore: polysomnography data from a tertiary sleep disorders unit","volume":"37","author":"Lim LL","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/60.1.23"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2013.02.012","article-title":"Assessment of the impact of tongue size in patients with bimaxillary protrusion","volume":"11","author":"Adesina BA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Two\u2010dimensional analysis of oro\u2010pharyngeal airway space area in patients with bimaxillary protrusion","volume":"2","author":"Adesina BA","year":"2013","journal-title":"West Afr J Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02419-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.1.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00188-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta7410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462312000086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","unstructured":"Cochrane.Non\u2010randomised controlled study (NRS) designs.2019;https:\/\/childhoodcancer.cochrane.org\/non-randomised-controlled-study-nrs-designs. Accessed 27 March 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002705"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2017-110853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0391-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2015-204761"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoor.12854","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joor.12854","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joor.12854","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joor.12854","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T05:05:04Z","timestamp":1694235904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joor.12854"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joor.12854"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joor.12854","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-182X","1365-2842"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-182X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2842","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-05-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}